不同品种春小麦间混作对群体光合特性和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Intermixing Different Varieties of Spring Wheat on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of the Population

作　　者：康健 邵雪志 王砚涵 李赛如 高齐 张永平[1] KANG Jian;SHAO Xuezhi;WANG Yanhan;LI Sairu;GAO Qi;ZHANG Yongping(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第3期412-419,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：内蒙古“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(NMKJXM202201-4);内蒙古自治区高等学校碳达峰碳中和研究专项(STZX202214);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021BS03044)。

摘　　要：为了解不同春小麦品种间混作效应,以春小麦高秆品种内麦17号(株高110 cm,A)与矮秆品种农麦482号(株高76 cm,B)为材料,设置行比为4A∶5B、5A∶4B、3A∶6B、6A∶3B共4种间作方式及种子质量比1∶1混作方式(ABmix),并以2个品种单作为对照(ACK、BCK),比较分析了不同种植方式下小麦旗叶SPAD值、群体净光合速率(NCP)、干物质积累量、籽粒产量以及水分利用效率的差异。结果表明,间混作小麦花后18 d旗叶SPAD值均高于单作;各处理花后群体净光合速率均呈先升后降趋势,均于开花后6 d最大,其中4A∶5B处理的群体净光合速率始终显著高于其他处理。不同间混作处理间千粒重无显著差异,但均显著高于ACK。与单作处理相比,ABmix处理的籽粒产量无显著变化,但4种间作处理的籽粒产量均显著增加,其中4A∶5B处理的籽粒产量最高,较ACK、BCK分别增加了7.94%和6.31%。4种小麦间作的土地当量比均大于1。4A∶5B处理小麦全生育期土壤耗水量、总耗水量均最低,水分利用效率最高,较ACK、BCK分别提高了21.0%和20.8%。本试验条件下,高秆品种内麦17号和矮秆品种农麦482号在行比为4∶5的间作方式下增产节水效果最佳。To evaluate the intercropping effects of different spring wheat varieties,four intercropping methods with different row ratios(4A∶5B,5A∶4B,3A∶6B,6A∶3B)and a mixed cropping of 1∶1 seed mass ratio(ABmix)were set up,using a high stem variety Neimai 17(plant height 110 cm,A)and a dwarf stem variety Nongmai 482(plant height 76 cm,B)as materials.Two different intercropping methods were compared and analyzed for flag leaf SPAD values,net photosynthetic rate(NCP),dry matter accumulation,grain yield,and water content under different planting methods,with two varieties as controls(ACK and BCK).The results showed that the SPAD values of flag leaves in intercropped wheat were higher than those in monoculture at 18 days after flowering.The net photosynthetic rate of the post flowering population in each treatment showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,reaching its maximum at 6 days after flowering.Among them,the net photosynthetic rate of the population in the 4A∶5B treatment was consistently significantly higher than that in other treatments.There was no significant difference in thousand-grain weight among different intercropping treatments,but they were all significantly higher than ACK.Compared with monoculture treatment,the grain yield of ABmix treatment showed no significant change,but the grain yield of four intercropping treatments increased significantly.The 4A∶5B treatment had the highest grain yield,increased by 7.94%and 6.31%compared to ACK and BCK,respectively.The land equivalent ratio of the four intercropping methods was greater than 1.The soil water consumption and total water consumption during the entire growth period of wheat were the lowest under the 4A∶5B intercropping method,but the water use efficiency was the highest,with an increase rate of 21.0%and 20.8%compared to ACK and BCK,respectively.Under the conditions of this experiment,the high stem variety Neimai 17 and the drawf stem variety Nongmai 482 had the best yield and water saving effects under the row ratio of 4∶

关 键 词：小麦 间混作 群体净光合速率 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311