蔗鸭共生对甘蔗根际与非根际土壤微生物群落多样性的影响  

Effects of sugarcane-duck symbiosis on soil microbial community diversity in rhizosphere soil and bulk soil of sugarcane

作　　者：马文清 郭强 黎正英 闭德金 吴琴斯 唐利球 秦昌鲜 MA Wen-qing;GUO Qiang;LI Zheng-ying;BI De-jin;WU Qin-si;TANG Li-qiu;QIN Chang-xian(Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Scientific Research Institute,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532415,China)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西崇左532415

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2025年第1期1-17,共17页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297023);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD20297135)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究蔗鸭共生模式下蔗田根际与非根际土壤微生物群落结构与多样性,揭示蔗鸭共生对土壤微生物群落多样性和蔗田微生物主要类群的影响,为科学推广蔗鸭共生新模式提供理论参考。【方法】采用大田原位试验,设甘蔗单作和蔗鸭共生2个处理,于甘蔗成熟期采集蔗田根际与非根际土壤样品,测定并分析土壤理化性质、土壤细菌和真菌群落结构和多样性,并探究土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落的相关性。【结果】与甘蔗单作相比,蔗鸭共生模式下甘蔗根际与非根际土壤的硝态氮含量均显著增加(P<0.05,下同),土壤pH及过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性显著降低;蔗糖酶活性和有效磷含量在根际土壤中显著降低,但在非根际土壤中显著增加。与甘蔗单作相比,蔗鸭共生降低了根际土壤真菌的丰富度,ACE指数和Chao1指数分别显著降低16.81%和16.67%;显著提高了非根际土壤的细菌多样性,Simpson指数比甘蔗单作显著提高128.13%。蔗鸭共生中,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度变化较大,根际土壤黏球菌门(Myxococcota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)相对丰度有所降低,鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和丝孢酵母属(Trichosporon)的相对丰度显著增加,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、盖氏菌属(Gaiella)和木霉属(Trichoderma)相对丰度显著下降。鞘氨醇单胞菌属、norank_f__JG30-KF-CM45、微枝形杆菌属(Microvirga)、norank_f__norank_o__Acidobacteriales、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、unclassified_o__Polyporales、粗糙孔菌属(Trechispora)、丝孢酵母属和毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)在蔗鸭共生土壤微生物群落构成中发挥重要作用。蔗鸭共生与甘蔗单作的土壤微生物Beta多样性差异极显著(P<0.01,下同)。冗余分析结果表明,土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、有机质含量、pH和全氮含量对土壤细菌群落结构影响极显著;土壤有效磷、有机质、全磷含量�【Objective】To study the structure and diversity of rhizosphere soil and bulk soil microbial communities in sugarcane fields under the sugarcane-duck symbiosis mode,and reveal the effects of sugarcane-duck symbiosis on the diversity of soil microbial communities and the main groups of microbes in sugarcane fields,which could provide theoretical reference for scientific promotion of the new mode of sugarcane-duck symbiosis.【Method】Two treatments were set up in a field in situ experiment,which were sugarcane monoculture(SM)and sugarcane-duck symbiosis(SDS).Rhizosphere soil and bulk soil samples were collected from sugarcane fields during the mature stage of sugarcane,and soil physicochemical properties,soil bacteria and fungi community structure and diversity were measured and analyzed.The correlation between soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial communities were also explored.【Result】Compared with SM,the application of SDS increased nitrate nitrogen(NN)content in rhizosphere soil and bulk soil significantly(P<0.05,the same below),while soil pH,catalase(CAT)activity,urease(URE)activity decreased significantly.Invertase(INV)activity and available phosphorus(AP)content reduced significantly in the rhizosphere soil,but increased significantly in bulk soil.Compared with SM,the abundance of rhizosphere soil fungi decreased,and ACE index and Chao1 index decreased by 16.81%and 16.67%respectively.The bacteria diversity of bulk soil was significantly increased in SDS,and the Simpson index was significantly increased by 128.13%compared with SM.In SDS,the relative abundance of Firmicutes varied greatly,while the relative abundance of Myxococcata,Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in the rhizosphere soil decreased.The relative abundance of Sphingomonas and Trichosporon significantly increased,while the relative abundance of Bacillus,Gaiella and Trichoderma significantly decreased.Sphingomonas,norank_f__JG30-KFCM45,Microvirga,norank_f__norank_o__Acidobacteriales,Bradyrhizobium,unclassified_o_Polyporales,Trechi

关 键 词：蔗鸭共生 细菌 真菌 根际土壤 非根际土壤 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学] S154.3