不同水稻品种对重庆地区稻田温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of different rice varieties on greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields in Chongqing

作　　者：范茂 杨学亭 张健[1] 刘倩 赵正武 廖敦秀[1] 杭晓宁[1] FAN Mao;YANG Xue-ting;ZHANG Jian;LIU Qian;ZHAO Zheng-wu;LIAO Dun-xiu;HANG Xiao-ning(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;College of Life Sciences/Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Characteristic Crop Resources,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 [2]重庆师范大学生命科学学院/重庆市特色作物资源工程技术研究中心,重庆401331

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2025年第1期204-213,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1333);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(CSTB2022TIAD-GPX0012);重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2022jxjl80003);重庆市研究生联合培养基地建设项目(渝教研发2023008)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同水稻品种对稻田温室气体排放的影响,以期筛选出适宜重庆地区种植的高产、温室气体低排放水稻品种。【方法】通过田间试验,采用静态箱—气相色谱法连续观测重庆地区主推的6个水稻品种(中浙优H7、渝两优华占、Q香优352、神农优446、渝香优8133、渝香203)甲烷(CH_(4))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放通量,收获期测定水稻产量,并对比其全球增温潜势和温室气体排放强度。【结果】在6个水稻品种中,仅中浙优H7的CH_(4)排放通量呈双峰趋势,峰值分别出现在抽穗期—灌浆期和成熟期—收获期;其余5个品种的CH_(4)排放通量均呈单峰趋势,且峰值均出现在抽穗期—灌浆期。不同品种的CH_(4)排放总量为175.77~274.10 kg/ha,其中,Q香优352的CH_(4)排放总量最低,而渝香优8133排放总量最高,二者间存在显著差异(P<0.05,下同)。N_(2)O的明显排放峰出现在稻田落干后,排放总量为-0.100~0.464 kg/ha,各品种间的N_(2)O排放总量无显著差异(P>0.05),其中渝香优8133的N_(2)O排放总量为负值。不同品种水稻产量为4.94~8.20 t/ha,其中Q香优352产量最高,渝两优华占产量最低,二者间存在显著差异。全球增温潜势分析显示,中浙优H7的全球增温潜势最高,达7.67 t CO_(2)e/ha,而Q香优352的全球增温潜势最低,为4.98 t CO_(2)e/ha。不同水稻品种的温室气体排放强度在0.61~1.54 t CO_(2)e/t,其中Q香优352的温室气体排放强度最低,显著低于其他品种,而中浙优H7的温室气体排放强度最高。【结论】综合考虑产量和温室气体排放情况,Q香优352产量最高,且CH_(4)排放总量和温室气体排放强度最低,更适宜在重庆及类似地区推广种植。【Objective】To explore the effects of different rice varieties on greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields,which could screen out high-yielding rice varieties with low greenhouse gas emissions suitable for cultivation in Chongqing.【Method】Through field experiments,the fluxes of methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)from 6 major rice varieties(Zhongzheyou H7,Yuliangyouhuazhan,Q Xiangyou 352,Shennongyou 446,Yuxiangyou 8133 and Yuxiang 203)in Chongqing were continuously monitored using the static chamber-gas chromatography method.The rice yields were measured at harvest,and the global warming potential and greenhouse gas emission intensity of each variety were compared.【Result】Among the 6 rice varieties,only Zhongzheyou H7 showed a bimodal trend in CH_(4) flux,with peaks occur ring during the heading stage-filling stage and the maturity stage-harvest stage.The CH_(4) fluxes of the other 5 varieties showed an unimodal trend,with peaks occurring during the heading stage-filling stage.The total CH_(4) emissions of different varieties ranged from 175.77 to 274.10 kg/ha.Among them,Q Xiangyou 352 had the lowest total CH_(4) emission,while Yuxiangyou 8133 had the highest,and there was significant difference between the two(P<0.05,the same below).The obvious emission peak of N_(2)O occurred after the paddy field was drained,with total emission ranging from-0.100 to 0.464 kg/ha.There was no significant difference in the total N_(2)O emission among the varieties(P>0.05),and the total N_(2)O emission of Yuxiangyou 8133 was negative.The rice yields of different varieties ranged from 4.94 to 8.20 t/ha.Among them,Q Xiangyou 352 had the highest yield,while Yuliangyouhuazhan had the lowest yield,and there was significant difference between the two.The global warming potential analysis showed that Zhongzheyou H7 had the highest global warming potential,reaching 7.67 t CO_(2)e/ha,while Q Xiangyou 352 had the lowest global warming potential,at 4.98 t CO_(2)e/ha.The greenhouse gas emission intensity of different rice varie

关 键 词：水稻品种 甲烷 氧化亚氮 温室气体排放 水稻产量 重庆地区 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]