基于eDNA技术的长江下游典型江段浮游植物生物完整性评价  

Evaluation of biointegrity of phytoplankton in typical sections of the lower reaches of Yangtze River using eDNA technology

作　　者：周宇恒 赵旭[1,2] 王玉清 陈丽丽 章守宇[1,2] 王凯[1,2] ZHOU Yu-heng;ZHAO Xu;WANG Yu-qing;CHEN Li-li;ZHANG Shou-yu;WANG Kai(College of Oceanography and Ecological Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Engineering Research Center of Marine Pasture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学海洋牧场工程技术研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2025年第1期275-286,共12页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900904)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于环境DNA(eDNA)技术评价长江下游典型江段浮游植物生物完整性,为评估长江大保护实施后的生态恢复效果提供理论依据。【方法】分别在长江下游安庆(AQ)、芜湖(EH)、靖江(JJ)3个典型江段丰水期(2021年9月)和枯水期(2021年4月)采集eDNA样本。在3个典型江段选择参考点和受损点,通过筛选物种丰富度、群落物种丰度、群落结构组成和群落营养结构,选择5个候选指标,然后采用0~5评分法构建长江下游典型江段浮游植物生物完整性指数(P-IBI)评价体系。【结果】在安庆、芜湖、靖江3个典型江段共鉴定出8个门96个属浮游植物,包括硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门、金藻门、甲藻门、褐藻门、红藻门、定鞭藻门和舟形藻属、根管藻属、衣藻属、色球藻属、微囊藻属、团藻属和骨条藻属等。在丰水期,安庆、芜湖和靖江江段在属分类水平上浮游植物物种总数分别为4849、5746和7617种,枯水期分别下降至3933、4243和5683种。丰水期,安庆、芜湖江段的优势种为硅藻门、蓝藻门和绿藻门;靖江江段硅藻门占主导地位;枯水期,3个江段的浮游植物群落均以硅藻门和绿藻门为主。在丰水期,安庆、芜湖、靖江江段的得分分别为17、16和15,浮游植物生物完整性等级分别为好、好和一般。在枯水期,安庆、芜湖、靖江江段的得分分别为13、16和17,浮游植物生物完整性等级分别为一般、好和好。【结论】eDNA技术在物种分类数量上展现出高丰富性、高物种多样性和详细的群落组成,对浮游植物物种检测具有高效且准确的特点,在生物参数指标的选取中具有良好的筛选作用,对P-IBI评价体系构建具有良好的支撑作用。【Objective】To assess the phytoplankton biointegrity in typical sections of the lower reaches of Yangtze River based on environmental DNA(eDNA)technology,which could provide theoretical basis for evaluating the ecological restoration effects following the implementation of Yangtze River conservation initiative.【Method】eDNA samples were collected during wet season(September 2021)and dry season(April 2021)from 3 typical sections of the lower reaches of Yangtze River:Anqing(AQ),Wuhu(EH)and Jingjiang(JJ).Reference and damaged points were selected in these 3 sections.Five candidate indicators were chosen by evaluating species richness,community species abundance,community structure composition and community trophic structure.A scoring system ranging from 0 to 5 was used to construct an evaluation system for phytoplankton biointegrity in typical sections of the lower reaches of Yangtze River.【Result】A total of 96 genera from 8 phyla of phytoplankton were identified in the 3 typical sections of Anqing,Wuhu and Jingjiang including Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta,Cyanobacteria,Chrysophyta,Pyrrophyta,Phaeophyta,Rhodophyta,Haptophyta and Navicula,Rhizosolenia,Scenedesmus,Chroococcus,Microcystis,Volvox,Skeletonema.The total numbers of phytoplankton species in Anqing,Wuhu and Jingjiang sections at genus level were 4849,5746 and 7617 respectively in wet season,and decreased to 3933,4243 and 5683 respectively in dry season.During wet season,the dominant species in Anqing and Wuhu sections were Bacillariophyta,Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta.In Jingjiang section,besides the dominant Bacillariophyta was the olominant.During dry season,the phytoplankton communities in all 3 sections were primarily composed of Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta.In wet season,the scores for Anqing,Wuhu and Jingjiang sections were 17,16 and 15 respectively,with phytoplankton biointegrity grades of good,good and general.In dry season,the scores for Anqing,Wuhu and Jingjiang sections were 13,16 and 17 respectively,with phytoplankton biointegrity grad

关 键 词：浮游植物 eDNA技术 浮游植物生物完整性指数(P-IBI) 水文期 长江下游 

分 类 号：S917.3[农业科学—水产科学]