广西内陆水域常见野生罗非鱼的种群结构及其分布特征  

Population structure and distribution characteristics of common wild tilapia in inland waters of Guangxi

作　　者：乔梁 吴志强[1,2] 刘昊 黄亮亮 何佳洋[4] 李育森 宋韵涛 衷英杰 QIAO Liang;WU Zhi-qiang;LIU Hao;HUANG Liang-liang;HE Jia-yang;LI Yu-sen;SONG Yun-tao;ZHONG Ying-jie(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China;Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture,Nanning,Guangxi 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004 [2]广西岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004 [3]广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [4]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [5]广西水产科学研究院/广西遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2025年第1期324-333,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060830);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22035050);广西渔业资源调查项目(GXZC2022-G3-001062-ZHZB);广西水产科学研究院重点实验室开放课题项目(GXKEYLA-2023-01-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】准确掌握广西内陆水域常见野生罗非鱼的种群结构与分布特征,为保护广西水域的生物多样性提供重要参考依据。【方法】2023年2月—2024年1月,在广西内陆水域29个采样点采集3种常见野生罗非鱼,带回实验室测量其全长、体长及体质量等生物学指标,并解剖取出性腺鉴定雌雄及判断性腺发育分期,依据鳞片判断其年龄,然后通过Excel 2020、Origin 8.0和ArcGIS 10.8等统计分析3种罗非鱼的分布特征及种群结构,包括体长与体质量分布、年龄结构及性别比构成等。【结果】共采集到罗非鱼2648尾,其中尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)745尾、齐氏罗非鱼(Coptodon zillii)1379尾、伽利略罗非鱼(Sarotherodon galilaeus)524尾。齐氏罗非鱼的体型整体上小于尼罗罗非鱼和伽利略罗非鱼,3种罗非鱼基本上都处于匀速生长状态,肥满度均>1.00,各采样点的罗非鱼生长状况良好。尼罗罗非鱼和齐氏罗非鱼在广西内水域中基本上处于低龄化;伽利略罗非鱼年龄分布具有一定的规律特征,高龄个体主要出现在红水河及西江下游,而左江、右江和独流入海河流主要分布低龄个体。广西内陆水域3种常见野生罗非鱼整体上呈雌性个体多于雄性个体的特点,个别水系表现为雄性个体多于雌性个体。尼罗罗非鱼主要分布在广西南部,桂北地区分布较少;齐氏罗非鱼在广西内陆水域到处可见;伽利略罗非鱼主要分布在红水河及西江干流一带,在南流江也有分布。【结论】尼罗罗非鱼和齐氏罗非鱼已入侵广西全境水域,伽利略罗非鱼在广西大部分水系也有分布,且其驯化程度可在桂北地区自然越冬,严重影响当地水域生态系统的生物多样性。因此,今后要高度重视罗非鱼等外来鱼类入侵对水生生态系统的影响,加强监测与防控的系统性研究,采取有效措施制止罗非鱼不断北移。【Objective】To accurately study the population structure and distribution characteristics of common wild tilapia in inland waters of Guangxi,which could provide important reference for the protection of biodiversity in Guangxi waters.【Method】From February 2023 to January 2024,3 common wild tilapia species were collected from 29 sampling points in inland waters of Guangxi,and taken back to the laboratory to measure their biological indicators such as full length,body length and body mass.The gonad was dissected out to identify the male and female and determine the gonadal development stage,and their ages were determined according to the scales.The distribution characteristics and population structure of the 3 tilapia species,including body length and body mass distribution,age structure and sex ratio,were analyzed by Excel 2020,Origin 8.0 and ArcGIS 10.8.【Result】A total of 2648 tilapia were collected.There were 745 Oreochromis niloticus,1379 Coptodon zillii and 524 Sarotherodon galilaeus.The size of C.zillii was smaller than those of O.niloticus and S.galilaeus,and the 3 tilapia were basically in a state of uniform growth,with fullness>1.00,and the tilapia in each sampling site grew well.O.niloticus and C.zillii were in the younger age group in Guangxi inland waters.The age distribution of S.galilaeus had certain regular characteristics,with older individuals mainly occurring in the lower reaches of Hongshui River and Xijiang River,while younger individuals were mainly distributed in Zuojiang River,Youjiang River and rivers that flowed into the sea.In general,there were more females than males in the 3 common tilapia species in inland waters of Guangxi,with more males than females in some water systems.O.niloticus mainly distributed in the southern part of Guangxi,and less in the northern part of Guangxi.C.zillii could be found everywhere in the inland waters of Guangxi.S.galilaeus mainly distributed in Hongshui River and the main stream of Xijiang River,and there were also S.galilaeus distributed in Na

关 键 词：罗非鱼 种群结构 分布特征 广西内陆水域 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]