马克思劳动生产力与价值量正相关原理的扩展及应用——兼论新质生产力的发展与我国基本经济制度的完善  

Extension of Marx's Principle of Positive Correlation Between Labor Productivity and Value and It's Application-On the Development of New Productive Forces and the Improvement of China's Basic Economic System

作　　者：蔡继明 Cai Jiming

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院

出　　处：《学术前沿》2025年第3期49-63,共15页Frontiers

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学探索”和“数据要素参与分配的价值基础和实现形式研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号分别为:16ZDA241、24&ZD327。

摘　　要：借鉴比较优势学说,根据比较利益率均等假设,引入相对生产力、综合生产力和比较生产力等概念,可以将马克思的劳动生产力与价值量正相关原理的适用范围从单个生产者依次扩展到部门和整个经济体系以及跨期的经济增长。这一扩展原理为各种生产要素按贡献参与分配奠定了价值基础,为保护私有财产和发展壮大民营经济提供了理论依据,为破解跨世纪的“价值总量之谜”提供了新思路,为判断合理收入差距给出了可供选择的价值尺度,为国际分工交换构建了平等与效率相统一的模型,同时也为适应新质生产力发展要求不断完善我国基本经济制度,提供了一个具有中国经济学自主知识体系的分析框架。This paper draws on the theory of comparative advantage and introduces the concepts of relative productivity,comprehensive productivity and comparative productivity according to the assumption of parity of comparative interest rate,and extends the applicable scope of Marx's principle of positive correlation between labor productivity and value from a single producer to the whole sector and economic system as well as inter-period economic growth.It expounds the value basis on which various factors of production participate in the distribution according to the contribution,decrypts the mystery of"total value",puts forward the value measure for judging reasonable income gap,reveals the principles of equality and efficiency accompanied by international trade,and discusses how to constantly improve our country's basic economic system to meet the requirements of the new quality of productive forces.This paper tries to construct an analytical framework with independent knowledge system of Chinese economics.

关 键 词：劳动生产力 比较生产力 价值决定 新质生产力 基本经济制度 

分 类 号：F014.1[经济管理—政治经济学] F124