印度知识分子的现代性探索历程——基于印度英语小说的研究  

Indian Intellectuals’Exploration of Modernity:A Study Based on Indian English Novels

作　　者：闫紫薇 YAN Zi-wei

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2024年第6期98-124,152,153,共29页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：印度的现代性始于殖民主义,西方现代性以思维方式、意识形态和知识体系的方式渗透进印度的日常经验,而印度本土经验则被斥为“非现代的”。首先主张反对现代性殖民主导话语的是印度知识分子,他们对印度现代性的建构立足于对西方思想进行解构、改写并重构,力图摆脱西方的现代性,剥离现代性的殖民特性,使其成为本土意识形态,指向普遍的进步。作为印度知识分子的一员,印度英语文学家及其笔下的文学作品共同扮演着社会良心的角色,以公理代言人的身份为民众发出呐喊。借助彼得•瓦格纳对于第三世界的现代性研究,可以从政治现代性、经济现代性与认知现代性三个维度描摹印度的现代性状况。面对政治现代性的重重挑战,印度知识分子辩证地看待与民主制度互为支撑的“自由”观念,在寻求最大限度上实现个人自由的同时维护社会和谐与公平正义,印度英语文学家更是独具慧眼地以历史现实中的知识分子为切入点,呈现其历史困境。印度的经济现代性与政治现代性相互交织在一起,市场竞争和资源分配不均使得贫富差距扩大,政治现代性强调的民主实践受到重重阻碍。文学界的知识分子同样审视与批判金钱至上价值观、人的异化、贫富悬殊等印度经济现代性建构中出现的问题。对于印度认知现代性上所面临的危机,印度英语文学家以小说创作的形式,加入了对宗教认知与现代性理性主义互动关系的探索,力图在“理性”与“宗教”之间找到一条多元、流动的“印度理性”之路。The modernity of India began with colonialism,through which Western modernity permeated India’s experiences in terms of modes of thinking,ideologies,and knowledge systems,while indigenous experiences were dismissed as“non-modern”.Indian intellectuals pioneered resistance to colonial modernity,reshaping Western thought through deconstruction and reconstruction to create a localized Indian modernity that retains universal progress while shedding colonial traits.As part of India’s intellectual community,Indian English writers,along with their literary works,have played the role of the social conscience,advocating for the people as representatives of moral principles.This paper draws on Peter Wagner’s study of modernity in the Third World to examine India’s modernity from three perspectives:political modernity,economic modernity,and cognitive modernity.Facing numerous challenges to political modernity,Indian intellectuals view the concept of“liberty”,which is mutually supported by democratic systems in a dialectical way,seeking to maximize individual liberty while maintaining social harmony and justice.Indian English writers uniquely focus on the historical dilemmas faced by intellectuals within this context.India’s economic modernity is intertwined with its political modernity,with market competition and unequal resource distribution widening the between the rich and the poor.The democratic practices emphasized by political modernity face significant obstacles.Intellectuals in the literary world also critique and examine issues arising from the construction of India’s economic modernity,such as the supremacy of money,human alienation,and growing inequalities.Regarding the crisis of cognitive modernity in India,Indian English writers explore the interactive relationship between religious cognition and modern rationalism through their novels,striving to find a pluralistic and fluid path of“Indian rationality”between“reason”and“religion”.

关 键 词：印度知识分子 印度英语文学家 政治现代性 经济现代性 认知现代性 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]