卡尔·施米特决断理论研究  

A Study of Carl Schmitt’s Decision Theory

作　　者：刘书阳 LIU Shu-yang

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院

出　　处：《河北法律职业教育》2025年第2期111-116,共6页HEBEI VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF LAW

摘　　要：卡尔·施米特一生频繁变动,其理论也如同人生经历一样繁复多变,但仍然可以看作是德国实证主义公法学说和马克斯·韦伯的理论交媾的产物,施米特是韦伯的嫡传弟子,他的学说建立在马克斯·韦伯对现代性的诊断之上,他批评自由主义是一种纯粹技术的政治理论,将政治生活的论辩看作是自由经济市场的竞争,从而削弱了政治的强度和权威,并导致国家的萎靡和分裂。但他忽略了对自然状态的另外一种解读——认为社会的组成必然存有一定原初性的伦理链接,政治的概念可能并不建立在生存意义上肉体消灭的敌我区分,而是建立在一定伦理结构基础之上的相互竞争和审慎民主。籍此,自由主义从而得以部分摆脱施米特的攻击。Carl Schmitt’s life was characterized by frequent shifts,and his theories,much like his life experiences,were complex and multifaceted.Nonetheless,they can be understood as the result of the interplay between German positivist public law doctrine and the theories of Max Weber.Schmitt was a direct disciple of Weber,and his theories were grounded in Weber’s diagnosis of modernity.He criticized liberalism as a purely technical political theory that equated political debate with competition in a free economic market,thereby diminishing the intensity and authority of politics and resulting in the decline and fragmentation of the state.However,he overlooked an alternative interpretation of the state of nature—that the formation of society inherently involves an original ethical bond,and that the concept of politics may not be grounded in the friend-enemy distinction based on physical elimination for survival,but rather in competition and prudent democracy rooted in a certain ethical framework.As a result,liberalism was able to partially escape Schmitt’s critique.

关 键 词：施米特 非常状态 主权 决断 敌我区分 

分 类 号：DF0[政治法律—法学理论]