轿车正碰刚性墙数值仿真方法研究  

Research on Numerical Simulation Methods of Sedan Frontal Impact against Rigid Walls

作　　者：裴波安 陶俊林[1] 李洪祥[1] Pei Bo-an;Tao Jun-lin;Li Hong-xiang(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Sichuan Mianyang 621010)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《内燃机与配件》2025年第4期98-102,共5页Internal Combustion Engine & Parts

摘　　要：本文围绕汽车正碰刚性墙的数值仿真展开研究,构建了汽车的有限元模型,在考虑计算效率和精度平衡的基础上针对车辆碰撞过程中的主要吸能构件,完成模型简化和网格划分。运用有限元软件模拟碰撞过程并对比实车碰撞实验的速度、加速度曲线和变形状态来验证模型,分析了汽车在碰撞过程中的速度、加速度响应,碰撞结束后的变形情况,车辆各个构件的吸能占比情况。碰撞过程中车辆加速度峰值与实验值相差1%左右;车辆前端结构件在碰撞过程中吸能贡献最大,在整车吸能中占比83%,其中前纵梁的吸能占比最大为22.2%。研究结果为评估汽车正面碰撞安全性能提供了参考,对汽车碰撞安全设计的优化具有指导意义。This paper conducts research on the numerical simulation of a car's frontal impact against a rigid wall.A finite element model of the car is constructed.Based on the balance between computational efficiency and accuracy,the model simplification and meshing are completed for the main energy-absorbing components during the vehicle collision process.The finite element software is used to simulate the collision process,and the speed,acceleration curves,and deformation states are compared with those of the actual vehicle collision experiments conducted by others to verify the model.The speed and acceleration responses of the car during the collision process,the deformation situation after the collision,and the proportion of energy absorption of each vehicle component are analyzed.The difference between the peak acceleration of the vehicle during the collision process and the experimental value is about 1%.The front-end structural components of the vehicle make the greatest contribution to energy absorption during the collision process,accounting for 83%of the total energy absorption of the vehicle.Among them,the front longitudinal beam has the largest proportion of energy absorption,which is 22.2%.The research results provide a reference for evaluating the frontal collision safety performance of automobiles and have guiding significance for the optimization of automobile collision safety design.

关 键 词：轿车 模型简化 正面碰撞 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U467[机械工程—车辆工程]