阳离子表面活性剂的结构及分类、相行为、毒性、应用以及与其他表面活性剂和各类大分子的相互作用(续完)  

Cationic surfactants:A review of molecular structure,classification,phase behaviors,toxicity,applications,and interactions with other surfactants and various macromolecules

作　　者：肖进新[1] XIAO Jinxin(Beijing FLUOBON Surfactant Institute,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]北京氟乐邦表面活性剂技术研究所,北京100096

出　　处：《日用化学品科学》2025年第3期1-8,共8页Detergent & Cosmetics

摘　　要：12.3 bola型表面活性剂。bola型表面活性剂,是在长疏水链两端均含有极性头基的表面活性剂。这个词是由Fuhrhop和Fritsch在1984年创造的[142]。分子两端的头基通常相同,但也可能不同。一般来说,在烃链长度相同的情况下,bola型表面活性剂比常规表面活性剂具有更高的水溶性和更高的cmc。这意味着bola型表面活性剂的效率低于普通表面活性剂。为弥补由第二极性头基提供的额外亲水性,烃链需要相当的长度。Cationic surfactant is an important class of surfactants,which have attracted great interest.Their properties and adsorption behavior onto different surfaces have driven the development of many surfactants with distinctive functions.Herein,the properties,the self-assembly,and the intermolecular interactions of cationic surfactants have been reviewed,as well as their interactions with small molecules or macromolecules,and surfaces.The properties of cationic surfactants of different types,including single-and double-chain cationic surfactants,and gemini,catanionic,bolaform,amino acid-and sugar-based surfactants,are summarized,as well as their skin toxicity and environmental influences.The effects of cationic surfactant mixing with other surfactants,polymers,proteins,and DNA are presented.The conventional applications of cationic surfactants as disinfectants,in fabric softening,hard surface cleaning,personal care,road surfacing,and oil field applications are outlined.Some emerging applications such as soft antimicrobial agents and nucleic acid delivery,which has contributed to the surfactant-based mRNA COVID-19 vaccines,are also introduced.

关 键 词：阳离子表面活性剂 极性头 疏水链 分子的相互作用 亲水性 水溶性 

分 类 号：TQ423.12[化学工程]