盐碱胁迫对青海湖裸鲤肠道结构和渗透相关基因表达的影响  

SALINE AND ALKALINE STRESS ON INTESTINAL STRUCTURE AND PERMEATION-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION OF GYMNOCYPRIS PRZEWALSKII

作　　者：崔妍蓉 李瑾[3] 颜鲁杨 王统刚 张罗丹 卫福磊 魏姝瑾 梁健 CUI Yan-Rong;LI Jin;YAN Lu-Yang;WANG Tong-Gang;ZHANG Luo-Dan;WEI Fu-Lei;WEI Shu-Jin;LIANG Jian(College of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;The Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Naked Carps in Qinghai Lake,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学生态环境工程学院,西宁810016 [2]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]青海湖裸鲤救护中心,西宁810016

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2025年第4期38-47,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960741);青海大学生态环境工程学院生态学世界一流学科科技创新项目(2023-stxy-Y19)资助。

摘　　要：为探究盐碱胁迫对青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)肠道的影响,将体重为(8.13±1.45)g的青海湖裸鲤一龄鱼驯养在水温为(15.3±1.6)℃的不同胁迫环境中养殖28d,不同胁迫有盐胁迫组(Y100)、碱胁迫组(J100)和盐碱混合胁迫组(YJ100),以3‰盐度为对照组(CK)。结果显示:J100组水环境的pH最高,CK组最低。Y100组水环境的氨氮含量最高,YJ100组最低。Y100组青海湖裸鲤的肠道结构较其他组更加完全,浆膜层完整,纹状缘发达;J100组和YJ100组裸鲤前肠结构受到损伤,肌层厚度从前肠到后肠逐渐变薄;肠道的皱褶高度方面,CK组与Y100组前肠最高,中肠次之,后肠最低,YJ100组则反之;J100组中肠皱褶高度最高,后肠次之,前肠最低。不同胁迫组渗透相关基因GpAQP1、GpMAPK14、GpPLA2和GpCA2均在中肠表达量较高,而GpNKA1、GpALP则在前肠表达量较高。总之,碱处理和盐碱处理损伤了青海湖裸鲤肠道结构,从而影响了鱼体的生长发育,这一结论为解释自然状态下青海湖裸鲤生长缓慢提供研究方向。To investigate the effects of saline-alkaline stress on the intestinal tract of naked carp(Gymnocypris przewalskii),first-year naked carps weighing(8.13±1.45)g were domesticated in different stress conditions at a water temperature of(15.3±1.6)℃for 28d.The stress groups included a salinity stress group(Y100),an alkalinity stress group(J100),and a mixed saline-alkaline stress group(YJ100),with 3‰salinity serving as the control group(CK).The results showed that the pH value was the highest in J100 group and the lowest in CK group,while the ammonia nitrogen content was the highest in Y100 group and the lowest in YJ100 group.The intestinal structure of Gymnocypris przewalskii in the Y100 group was more complete than that of the other groups,characterized by the intact plasma membrane layer and well-developed striated margin.On the contrary,the foregut of the naked carp in the J100 and YJ100 groups was damaged,with the thickness of the muscularis propria decreasing progressively from the foregut to the hindgut.In the CK and Y100 groups,the foregut showed the highest wrinkle height,followed by the midgut and the hindgut,while the opposite pattern was observed in the YJ100 group.In the J100 group,the midgut exhibited the highest wrinkle height,followed by the hindgut,with the foregut being the lowest.Furthermore,the midgut showed higher expression levels of osmosis-related genes,including GpAQP1,GpMAPK14,GpPLA2,and GpCA2 under different stress conditions,whereas the foregut exhibited high expression of GpNKA1 and GpALP.In conclusion,saline and alkaline treatments caused damage to the intestinal structure of Gymnocypris przewalskii,thus affecting the growth and development of the fish.This finding provides insights into the slow growth observed in Gymnocypris przewalskii exposed to saline-alkaline stress in natural habitats.

关 键 词：肠道结构 盐碱胁迫 基因表达 青海湖裸鲤 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]