大口黑鲈养殖塘水−气界面CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O排放特征及其影响因素  

EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC AND INFLUENCING FACTOR OF CO_(2),CH_(4),AND N_(2)O FROM WATER-AIR INTERFACE OF LARGEMOUTH BASS CULTURE POND

作　　者：卢慧贤 李诗琦 李民敬[2] 郭超 覃丽蓉 张堂林[1,3,4] 刘家寿 李为[1,3,4] LU Hui-Xian;LI Shi-Qi;LI Min-Jing;GUO Chao;QIN Li-Rong;ZHANG Tang-Lin;LIU Jia-Shou;LI Wei(Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture(CAS),Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Environment,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Paddy Field Integrated Cultivation,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所水产品种创制与高效养殖重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国地质大学环境学院,武汉430074 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]湖北省稻田综合养殖工程技术研究中心,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2025年第4期70-79,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2400505);吉安市创新类人才项目(jasb202310324);黄河三角洲产业领军人才工程项目(DYRC20200215)资助。

摘　　要：为探究大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)养殖系统温室气体的排放特征和规律,于2023年7—10月采用静态箱−气相色谱法对大口黑鲈养殖塘水−气界面CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O排放通量进行了测定,并结合水体表层环境因子和氮磷营养变化分析了其主要影响因素。结果表明:监测期间大口黑鲈养殖塘水−气界面CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O的排放通量均值分别为(241.4±14.5)、(1.38±0.31)和(0.24±0.04)mg/(m^(2)·h),养殖塘整体上表现为温室气体排放源。皮尔森分析结果表明CO_(2)排放通量与水温(WT)、温度(T)、叶绿素a(Chl.a)、压强(P)和pH呈显著正相关,与氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)呈显著负相关;N_(2)O排放通量与总氮(TN)、亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)和溶解氧(DO)呈显著正相关,与WT呈显著负相关;CH_(4)排放通量与环境因子无显著相关关系。冗余分析表明WT是影响水−气界面CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O排放的关键环境因子。在90d的重要养殖期内,大口黑鲈养殖塘百年全球增温潜势为7.74×10^(3) kg/hm^(2),暗示大口黑鲈池塘养殖或有促进温室效应的潜力。Largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)has become one of the important species cultured in ponds across China,yet there are few studies on greenhouse gas fluxes at the water-gas interface in largemouth bass culture ponds.In this study,we investigated the characteristics and patterns of greenhouse gas emissions in largemouth bass culture ponds located in Daye City,Hubei Province.The CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O emission fluxes at the water-air interface were measured by static box-gas chromatography from July to October 2023.Additionally,we analyzed the main influencing factors by examining changes in surface environmental factors and nutrients levels.The results showed that the mean emission fluxes of CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O at the water-air interface of the largemouth bass culture ponds were(241.0±14.5),(1.38±0.31),and(0.24±0.04)mg/m^(2)·h during the monitoring period,respectively,indicating that the largemouth bass culture ponds are a net source of greenhouse gas emission.Pearson correlation analysis showed that CO_(2) emission fluxes were positively correlated with WT,T,Chl.a,P,and pH,and negatively correlated with-NH_(4)^(+)-N.N_(2)O emission flux was positively correlated with TN,NO_(2)^(-)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,and DO,and negatively correlated with WT.No significant correlation was found between CH_(4) emission flux and environmental factors.Redundancy analysis indicated that WT is the key environmental factor affecting the emission of CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O at the water-air interface.During the 90-day growth cycle,the 100-year global warming potential of largemouth bass aquaculture pond was 7.74×10^(3) kg/hm^(2),suggesting that pond culture of largemouth bass may have the potential to promote the greenhouse effect.

关 键 词：温室气体 排放通量 全球增温潜势 大口黑鲈 池塘养殖 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]