双氰胺对肥料氮去向的影响依赖于土壤类型  

The influence of dicyandiamide on the fate of fertilizer nitrogen depends on soil types

作　　者：肖珣 王玥凯 代文台 沈仁芳[1,2] 赵学强 XIAO Xun;WANG Yue-kai;DAI Wen-tai;SHEN Ren-fang;ZHAO Xue-qiang(Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展重点实验室(中国科学院),江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第2期201-212,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077101,31672229)。

摘　　要：【目的】不同类型土壤硝化作用存在差异,研究硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)对不同类型土壤中肥料氮去向和作物氮肥利用率的影响,以期为DCD在玉米氮肥管理中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】土柱淋溶试验选择了3种典型土壤:红壤、黑土、潮土,以^(15)N标记尿素为供试肥料,设计施用DCD和不施用DCD(施用量为尿素氮用量的10%)两个处理。在玉米播种后的第10、17、22、26、31、36、46天进行淋溶试验,收集淋溶液,用重量法测量其体积,测定淋溶液中的铵态氮和硝态氮含量。玉米在播种后57天收获,分为地上部和根部,分别测定生物量和氮含量;将土柱中的土壤混匀后,测定铵态氮和硝态氮含量,以及15N同位素丰度。【结果】不论是否添加DCD,3种土壤的氮素淋溶随时间的动态变化趋势基本一致,铵态氮、硝态氮和全氮的淋溶主要集中在前3次,且均在第一次淋溶最高,随后快速下降至较低水平,而尿素态氮主要集中在第一次淋溶。DCD降低了3种土壤硝态氮淋溶(N 0.74~5.76 mg/kg土),对红壤的降低效果最小;增加了红壤和潮土的铵态氮淋溶,增量以潮土最多(N 2.99 mg/kg土)。DCD减少氮淋溶的效果与3种土壤的硝化作用强弱一致,即黑土>潮土>红壤。DCD降低了黑土和潮土中肥料氮的淋失率,提高了肥料氮的土壤残留率,但DCD增加了红壤的肥料氮淋失率。DCD抑制了红壤和黑土的气态氮损失,增加了潮土的气态氮损失,这可能是因为DCD导致铵态氮在潮土积累,潮土pH(8.18)较高,易产生氨挥发损失。DCD显著提高了3种土壤上玉米的氮肥利用(增幅为3.90%~5.77%),其中以黑土提升幅度最高,但仅提高了潮土上玉米生物量。与潮土和红壤相比,黑土具有较高的玉米氮肥利用率、较低的氮淋失率和气态氮损失率。【结论】施用DCD对玉米生长、氮肥利用率和肥料氮去向的作用效果因土壤类型而异,主要与土壤性质有关。�【Objectives】Given that the efficacy of DCD varies in different soils,we studied the precise efficacy of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide(DCD)on maize growth,fertilizer nitrogen(N)recovery efficiency,and the N fate in different soil types,to establish a theoretical foundation for the scientific application of DCD in maize N management.【Methods】A soil column leaching experiment was carried out using ^(15)N-labeled urea.The columns were filled with one of the three soil types(red soil,black soil,and fluvo-aquic soil),and DCD was applied at 10%of the urea N application rate or omitted as a control.Water(100 mL)was added to the soil at the 10,17,22,26,31,36,and 46 days post-sowing of maize to collect leachate for the measurement of ammonium and nitrate N.After 57 days,the maize plants were harvested to determine their yield and N content in both the aboveground parts and roots.Additionally,the ammonium-and nitrate-N content in the residual soil was measured.【Results】Regardless of DCD application,the N leaching patterns in all three soils exhibited similar temporal trends.The majority of ammonium N,nitrate N,and total N leaching occurred during the initial three leaching events,peaking during the first event and then declining rapidly thereafter.Urea N leaching was primarily concentrated in the first leaching event.DCD reduced nitrate leaching by N 0.74 to N 5.76 mg/kg soil across all three soils,with the smallest reduction observed in red soil.While DCD had no significant effect on urea leaching,it increased ammonium leaching in red and fluvo-aquic soils,with the highest increment in fluvo-aquic soil(N 2.99 mg/kg soil).The effectiveness of DCD in reducing N leaching was correlated with the soil’s nitrification capacity,following the order black soil>fluvo-aquic soil>red soil.DCD effectively minimized fertilizer N leaching and enhanced soil N retention in black and fluvo-aquic soils,but had no significant impact on red soil and even increased the fertilizer N leaching rate therein.DCD significantly i

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥利用率 氮淋溶 15N同位素示踪 肥料氮去向 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]