基于QUEFTS模型估算中国设施黄瓜养分吸收需求量  

Estimation of nutrient uptake requirements of greenhouse cucumber production in China based on the QUEFTS model

作　　者：宋蕾 徐新朋[2] 潘昭隆 陈延玲[1] 何萍[2] 周卫[2] SONG Lei;XU Xin-peng;PAN Zhao-long;CHEN Yan-ling;HE Ping;ZHOU Wei(College of Resources and Environment Sciences,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第2期282-291,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(32230093);农田智慧施肥项目(20221805)。

摘　　要：【目的】黄瓜生产中普遍存在施肥量高、施肥不平衡等问题,严重影响了我国黄瓜产量与肥料利用效率。明确养分需求量是建立科学有效的黄瓜推荐施肥方法的前提,也是实现精准施肥的基础,对于我国黄瓜可持续生产至关重要。【方法】以“黄瓜”、“黄瓜+产量”、“黄瓜+养分吸收”为关键词,收集汇总了来自国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)、中国知网数据库(CNKI)以及本课题在我国黄瓜主产区开展的田间试验。应用QUEFTS模型,预估不同目标产量下黄瓜的最佳养分需求量,并在天津、北京、河北和江苏四省市布置田间试验,验证模型得出的黄瓜养分需求量。【结果】我国黄瓜平均产量可达86.2 t/hm^(2),但样本间产量差异较大,其变化范围为2.9~339.5 t/hm^(2)。黄瓜果实氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)吸收量平均值分别为175.6、44.1和236.6 kg/hm^(2),变化范围分别为44.8~459.0、16.0~119.6和34.7~554.8 t/hm^(2);地上部N、P和K总吸收量平均分别为260.6、64.7和326.9 kg/hm^(2),变化范围分别为52.0~525.3、11.2~146.4和53.0~632.4 kg/hm^(2)。不同种植区气候、土壤条件、黄瓜品种、灌水量以及养分管理措施等差异,造成产量与养分吸收量变化范围较大。去除养分内在效率上下2.5%的数值,得到最大稀释边界(d)和最大累积边界(a)参数,应用QUEFTS模型模拟不同目标产量下黄瓜的最佳养分需求量,得出每生产1000 kg黄瓜,其地上部养分需求量分别为N 2.25 kg、P 0.48 kg和K 2.84 kg,相应的N、P和K养分内在效率分别为444.9、2074.3和352.1 kg/kg。田间验证试验结果显示,N、P、K养分吸收量模拟值与实测值具有一致性,其N、P和K的拟合指数d值分别达到了0.996、0.978和0.997。【结论】应用QUEFTS模型模拟了不同目标产量下黄瓜最佳养分需求量,确定了我国黄瓜产量与养分吸收之间的量化关系,为我国黄瓜推荐施肥方法的建立提供了养分需求参数。【Objectives】Fertilization in cucumber production is commonly characterized by high application rates and imbalances,significantly affecting cucumber yields and fertilizer use efficiency in China.Determining nutrient requirements is a prerequisite for establishing scientific and effective fertilization recommendations for cucumbers and serves as the foundation for precise fertilization,which is crucial for sustainable cucumber production in China.【Methods】We collected and summarized data from field experiments conducted by the International Plant Nutrition Institute(IPNI),the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database,and our research team in major cucumber-producing regions of China,using keywords such as“cucumber”,“cucumber+yield”,and“cucumber+nutrient absorption”.The QUEFTS model was applied to estimate optimal nutrient requirements for cucumbers at different target yields.Field experiments were conducted in Tianjin,Beijing,Hebei,and Jiangsu to validate the model-derived nutrient requirements for cucumbers.【Results】The average cucumber yield reached 86.2 t/hm²but varied widely,ranging from 2.9 to 339.5 t/hm².The average N,P,and K absorption by cucumber fruits were 175.6,44.1,and 236.6 kg/hm²,respectively,with ranges of 44.8−459.0,16.0−119.6,and 34.7−554.8 kg/hm²,respectively.The average total N,P,and K absorption by the aboveground parts were 260.6,64.7,and 326.9 kg/hm²,respectively,with ranges of 52.0−525.3,11.2−146.4,and 53.0−632.4 kg/hm²,respectively.Differences in climate,soil conditions,cucumber varieties,irrigation amounts,and nutrient management practices across different planting areas contributed to the high variation in yields and nutrient absorption.By excluding the top and bottom 2.5%of nutrient internal efficiency values,we obtained the maximum dilution boundary(d)and maximum accumulation boundary(a)parameters.Using the QUEFTS model to simulate optimal nutrient requirements for cucumbers at different target yields,we found that for every 1000 kg

关 键 词：黄瓜 养分吸收量 QUEFTS模型 养分内在效率 最大稀释边界 最大累积边界 目标产量 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]