长期化肥配施不同有机物料对亚热带稻田土壤微生物生物量及酶化学计量特征的影响  

Effects of long-term combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic materials on stoichiometry of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in subtropical paddy fields

作　　者：李雪[1,2] 周萍[2] 程爱武[3] 戴玉婷 赖佳鑫 李康祺 盛浩 吴金水[2] LI Xue;ZHOU Ping;CHENG Ai-wu;DAI Yu-ting;LAI Jia-xin;LI Kang-qi;SHENG Hao;WU Jin-shui(College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring/Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Rural Agriculture Bureau of Ningxiang City,Ningxiang,Hunan 410600,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所/亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室/长沙农业环境观测研究站,湖南长沙410125 [3]宁乡市农业农村局,湖南宁乡410600

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第2期305-316,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项课题(2021FY100504);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2023NK2026);国家自然科学基金项目(41671242,42177293,42130716,U23A2009)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用肥料长期定位试验,研究化肥与不同有机物料配施下,亚热带稻田土壤的微生物生物量碳氮磷含量、土壤胞外酶活性及其化学计量比的差异,揭示不同有机肥源对土壤微生物生物量稳定性的影响特征。【方法】依托位于湖南省宁乡市农技中心的稻田长期定位试验(始于1986年),选取5个施肥处理,分别为不施肥对照(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、30%猪粪有机肥替代化肥氮(30%OM)、60%猪粪有机肥替代化肥氮(60%OM)、秸秆还田+化肥(NPKS),种植制度为一年三熟,早稻-晚稻-大麦轮作。于2022年9月晚稻成熟期采集表层(0—20 cm)土壤样品,测定土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)含量,微生物生物量碳、氮、磷(MBC、MBN、MBP)含量和β-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性,并计算化学计量比。【结果】长期施肥显著提高了土壤SOC、TN和TP含量,60%OM处理3个指标的增幅均最高(P<0.05),30%OM处理的增幅也显著高于NPK处理,而NPKS处理的TN增幅与NPK处理相当。3个有机无机肥配合处理之间土壤C/N无显著差异,而NPKS处理的C/P和N/P均显著高于60%OM和30%OM处理。3个有机无机肥配合处理MBC含量无显著差异,均高于NPK处理;MBN和MBP含量均以60%OM处理最高,显著高于其他处理,其次为30%OM处理,NPKS处理MBN含量高于NPK处理,而MBP含量与NPK处理相当,因而NPKS处理的MBC/MBN和MBC/MBP均显著高于两个猪粪处理,低于NPK处理。与CK相比,NPK处理仅显著增加了βG活性,而有机无机肥配施提高了土壤βG、NAG和ACP活性,30%OM处理土壤中的βG/NAG和βG/ACP显著高于NPK处理,而60%OM处理则显著低于NPK处理。相关性分析表明,土壤微生物生物量及其化学计量,以及βG和ACP活性,均与土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其化学计量呈正相关。进一步冗余分析表明,土壤TP含量和N/P是驱动土壤微生物生物量及其化学计量变化的关键因子�【Objectives】In order to reveal the influence of different organic fertilizer sources on the stability of soil microbial carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus content,soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometric ratio of soil microbial biomass under the combination of fertilizer and different organic materials were studied by longterm positioning experiment of fertilizer.【Methods】The study was based on a long-term field experiment located in the Agricultural Technology Center of Ningxiang City(since 1986).Five fertilization treatments were selected including no fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer(NPK),30%pig manure organic fertilizer replaces fertilizer nitrogen(30%OM),60%pig manure organic fertilizer replaces fertilizer nitrogen(60%OM)and chemical fertilizer with rice straw(NPKS),the planting system is three crops per year,early rice-late rice-barley rotation.Soil samples(0−20 cm)were collected at the mature stage of late rice in September 2022.Soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)contents,microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus(MBC,MBN,MBP)contents,andβ-glucosidase(βG),β-N-acetylglucosaminidase(NAG)and acid phosphatase(ACP)activities were determined,and the stoichiometric ratio was calculated.【Results】Longterm fertilization significantly increased SOC,TN and TP contents in soil,and 60%OM treatment had the highest increases(P<0.05).The increase of 30%OM was also significantly higher than that of NPK treatment,while the increase of TN in NPKS treatment was similar to that in NPK treatment.There was no significant difference in soil C/N among the three combined treatments,while the C/P and N/P of NPKS treatment were significantly higher than those of 60%OM and 30%OM treatment.There was no significant difference in MBC content among the three organic and inorganic treatments,which was significantly higher than that of NPK treatment.The content of MBN and MBP in 60%OM treatment was the highest,significantly higher than that in other treatments,followed by 30%OM.Meanwh

关 键 词：长期试验 亚热带稻田 土壤养分 微生物生物量 土壤酶活性 元素化学计量 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]