不同生草栽培抑制桃园杂草改善土壤微生物群落结构及果实品质的效果  

Effects of grass cultivation on inhibiting weeds and improving the structure of soil microbial communities and fruit quality in peach orchards

作　　者：朱乐乐 郑铭洁 林松 范梦婷 傅伟军[1] ZHU Le-le;ZHENG Ming-jie;LIN Song;FAN Meng-ting;FU Wei-jun(College of Environment and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Lin’an,Zhejiang 311300,China;Jiande City Agricultural Technology Extension Center Soil Fertilizer Station,Jiande,Zhejiang 311600,China;Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Forests and State-owned Forest Farms Management General Station,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江临安311300 [2]浙江省建德市农技推广中心土壤肥料站,浙江建德311600 [3]浙江省公益林和国有林场管理总站,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第2期317-329,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：世界银行浙江千岛湖及新安江水资源与生态保护项目(H20210012)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较不同生草种植对桃园土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响,为我国南方桃园土壤的培肥和可持续经营提供绿色高效技术支撑。【方法】于2019年10月,在浙江省建德市园旺桃园试验基地进行生草种植田间试验。设置行间播种紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、鼠茅草(Vulpia myuros)、自然生草大巢菜(Vicia sativa)和清耕对照(CK)5个处理,测定了2022年桃树盛花期和果实成熟期土壤pH、有机质以及有效氮磷钾含量,调查各个处理小区的杂草种类、土壤微生物群落结构,分析了果实产量和外观品质。【结果】生草覆盖区杂草种类显著低于清耕处理区,紫云英、白三叶、鼠茅草和自然生草大巢菜处理区的杂草种类分别为9、10、11和6种,而CK处理区的杂草种类达到18种。与CK处理相比,4个生草处理土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均有所增加,以鼠茅草处理的增幅最大,春季土壤pH以紫云英处理最高。紫云英处理的土壤细菌的alpha多样性各指数值均大于CK处理,且土壤细菌独有的OTU数目较高,白三叶、鼠茅草、大巢菜处理的土壤细菌的alpha多样性指数多低于CK处理;4个生草处理土壤的真菌OUT数多低于CK。相比于CK,白三叶处理显著提高了酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)百分比,紫云英、鼠茅草处理显著增加子囊菌门(Ascomycota)百分比。4个生草处理相比,鼠茅草处理提升果实横径、糖度和单株产量的效果最好,其次是紫云英。相关性分析结果表明,细菌多样性与土壤理化性质之间存在显著相关性,其中迷踪菌门(Elusimicrobia)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)、Dependentiae、Latescibacteria、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)与土壤理化性质存在正相关关系。PCA主成分分析结果进一步表明,鼠茅草、白三叶处理对果实品质、单株产量以及土壤理化性质影响较大。【结论】连续种植生草可增加桃园土壤【Objectives】We compared the effects of planting different grass species in peach orchards on the soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structures,so as to provide technical support for the sustainable development of orchard soil.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted at Yuanwang Peach Orchard Experimental Base,Jiande City,Zhejiang Province.Four grass species,milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus),white clover(Trifolium repens),rat grass(Vulpia myuros),and vetch(Vicia sativa),were sowed on inter-row of peach trees in October 2019,and clear tillage was used as control.In April(full blooming stage)and July(peach maturing stage)of 2022,soil was sampled for the determination of pH,organic matter and available N,P,K contents.At peach harvest of 2022,the weed species in each treatment were investigated,the soil microbial community structure,and fruit yield and appearance quality were measured.【Results】Grass cultivation significantly reduced the number of weeds,with the weed species number of 9,10,11,6,and 18 in plots of milk vetch,white clover,rat grass,vetch,and the control.Compared with control,grass treatments increased soil available N,P,K,and organic matter content,with the highest increment observed in rat grass treatment.Milk vetch was recorded higher alpha diversity indices of bacteria than control,white clover,rat grass and vetch treatment were recorded lower values(P<0.05).In addition,the number of unique OTUs of soil bacteria under milk vetch treatments were higher than that of the other grass treatments and control,which was favorable for the propagation of soil bacteria in peach orchard.PCoA analysis showed that the soil fungi community in the milk vetch treatment plots differed less between and within groups than those in the control plot.White clover treatment significantly increased the percentage of Acidobacteria sequences;and at the fungi phylum classification level,the milk vetch and rat grass treatments significantly increased the percentage of Ascomycota sequences.Rat grass

关 键 词：生草栽培 土壤养分 杂草群落 微生物群落 果实品质 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]