土施腐植酸钠有效抑制油菜镉、铬的累积和转运  

Soil application of sodium humate effectively inhibits Cd and Cr accumulation and translocation in rapeseed

作　　者：任艳军 赵莹 任学军 马建军 REN Yan-jun;ZHAO Ying;REN Xue-jun;MA Jian-jun(Analysis and Testing Center,Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066004,China;College of Chemical Engineering,Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院分析测试中心,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]河北科技师范学院化学工程学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第2期343-352,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划农业关键共性技术攻关专项(18223906)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨在重金属镉、铬复合污染土壤条件下,腐植酸盐类肥料施用方式对不同品种油菜生长发育以及镉、铬吸收转运和累积的影响,为农用腐植酸盐肥料科学施用提供技术支撑。【方法】研究采用盆栽试验方法进行,供试镉、铬低累积和高累积型油菜品种分别为'华绿2号’和'寒绿’,供试肥料为腐植酸钠,供试土壤镉、铬含量分别为1.25和227.57 mg/kg。试验设置土壤基施、土壤冲施和叶面喷施3个腐植酸钠施用方式,每个施用方式均包含低量和高量两个施用水平,基施量为2、4 g/kg土,冲施浓度为0.5%、1.5%,喷施浓度为0.2%、0.5%。基施在播种前一次性施肥,冲施和喷施均在播种后第23天进行施肥,隔1周后再次施肥。以不施腐植酸钠喷施清水为对照。在油菜生长40天后,测定植株茎叶和根系干物质量以及镉、铬含量,计算镉、铬转运系数。【结果】与对照相比,无论是土壤基施还是冲施高量、低量的腐植酸钠肥料,均显著增加了低积累型油菜品种'华绿2号’的茎叶和根系干物质量,且对根系的促生效应高于茎叶,而两个叶面喷施浓度处理显著抑制了该品种油菜的生长;腐植酸钠3种施用方式对高积累型油菜品种'寒绿’的生长均无显著效应,对其根系的抑制效应高于茎叶。土壤基施低量和冲施高量腐植酸钠处理均显著降低了'华绿2号’茎叶中镉、铬含量和累积量,其中土壤基施低量腐植酸钠处理茎叶中镉、铬含量分别为0.19、0.18 mg/kg,冲施高量腐植酸钠处理茎叶中镉、铬含量均为为0.17,均显著低于对照茎叶中镉、铬含量值0.25、0.22 mg/kg,同时其镉、铬转运系数较对照显著下降。土壤基施高量及冲施低量和喷施低量腐植酸钠处理均显著降低了'寒绿’茎叶中镉、铬含量和累积量,其中土壤基施高量腐植酸钠处理茎叶中镉、铬含量分别为0.52、0.30 mg/kg,冲施低量腐植酸钠处理�【Objectives】This study aimed to investigate the effects of humate fertilizer application methods on the growth and development of various rapeseed varieties,as well as the absorption,translocation,and accumulation of cadmium(Cd)and chromium(Cr)under combined Cd and Cr pollution.The findings will provide valuable insights into the scientific application of agricultural humate fertilizers.【Methods】Hualü2(rapeseed variety with low Cd and Cr accumulation)and Hanlü(rapeseed variety with high Cd and Cr accumulation)were selected for pot experiments.The fertilizer used was sodium humate.The contents of Cd and Cr in the treated soil were 1.25 and 227.57 mg/kg,respectively.Three application methods of sodium humate were set up with two(low and high)application levels:basal application(2 and 4 g/kg soil),applying with irrigation(0.5%and 1.5%),and foliar spraying(0.2%and 0.5%).In the basal application,the fertilizer was applied all at once before sowing.In the irrigation application and foliar spraying methods,the fertilizer was applied on the 23rd day after sowing and again after a week.Water was used instead of sodium humate fertilizer in the control.The dry matter biomass and Cd and Cr contents in the stems,leaves,and roots of rapeseed were measured after 40 days of growth.The translocation coefficients of Cd and Cr were calculated.【Results】Compared with the control,the dry matter biomass of the stems,leaves,and roots of Hualü2 treated with low and high dosage basal application and irrigation application was significantly increased.Moreover,the growth-promoting effects were higher on the roots than on the stems and leaves.Two foliar spraying treatments significantly inhibited the growth of Hualü2.No significant effects on the growth of Hanlüvariety were observed under all three methods.However,the inhibitory effects on the root system were greater than those on the leaves and stems.Both the low-dosage basal application and high-dosage irrigation application of sodium humate significantly reduced the Cd a

关 键 词：镉铬复合污染土壤 腐植酸钠 施用方式 高积累型油菜品种 低积累型油菜品种 运转系数 促生效应 安全限量 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S565.4[农业科学—作物学]