“甜樱桃”砧木品种栽培评价研究  

Cultivation Evaluation of Rootstock Varieties in Sweet Cherry

作　　者：付伟伟 FU Weiwei(Hanzhong Agricultural Technology Extension and Training Center,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723000,China)

机构地区：[1]汉中市农业技术推广与培训中心,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2025年第2期35-38,共4页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟2019年示范推广项目(LM201916)。

摘　　要：2010年以来,先后从山东烟台、陕西杨凌等地引进了多个甜樱桃砧木品种苗,在汉中开展观察比较试验。其中,将5种砧木品种大青叶、马哈利、吉塞拉6号、ZY-1、考特分别嫁接栽培品种红灯,通过观察其生长发育表现,进行了综合评价研究。结果表明:在汉中雨多、土壤粘重的背景下,应优先选择耐瘠薄、耐粘重的砧木苗建园,同时做好排湿排涝工作;在浅山丘陵和平川地区(海拔560~730 m),5种砧木都可以应用,重点应用乔化、半乔化砧木苗适当稀植,着重提高单株产量;在土壤较肥沃的平川地区,可用ZY-1、考特、马哈利、吉塞拉6号等砧木苗,适当提高果园的定植密度和整齐度,发展避雨栽培技术,可以明显提高果园效益及产量。通过对砧木生长习性的评价研究,为甜樱桃砧木的合理开发应用、产业的健康持续发展、技术的进一步优化提供依据和参考,为汉中亚热带甜樱桃产业的发展提供技术支撑。Since 2010,sweet cherry rootstock seedlings have been introduced into Hanzhong from Yantai in Shandong,Yangling in Shaanxi,and other regions for observation and comparative experiments.Among them,five rootstock varieties,including Daqingye,Mahali,Gisela 6,ZY-1,and Kote,were grafted with the cultivated variety‘Hongdeng’.Their growth and developmental characteristics were observed and comprehensively evaluated.The results indicate that in Hanzhong’s context of frequent rainfall and heavy,clayey soils,priority should be given to selecting rootstock seedlings with high resistance to barrenness and waterlogging for orchard establishment,while implementing effective moisture management and drainage practices.In shallow mountainous and flat areas(at altitudes of 560~730 m),all five types of rootstocks are suitable,with recommendations favoring moderately sparse planting of standard and semi-dwarf rootstock seedlings to enhance individual plant yields.In fertile flat areas,rootstock seedlings such as ZY-1,Court,Mahali,and Gisela 6 are recommended to increase orchard planting density and uniformity.Additionally,adopting rain-sheltered cultivation techniques in these areas can significantly boost orchard productivity and economic efficiency.By evaluating the growth habits of the rootstocks,this study provides a scientific basis and practical reference for the rational selection and application of sweet cherry rootstocks,promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.The findings also contribute to the further optimization of cultivation practices,offering technical support for advancing the sweet cherry industry in Hanzhong’s subtropical regions.

关 键 词：甜樱桃 砧木 品种 栽培 评价 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]