黄土台塬-冲积平原区域土壤肥力评价  

Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Loess Plateau-Alluvial Plain

作　　者：闫晶晶 王冬冬 王博 郝子琼 赵海龙 樊世凯 郭伟[1,2] YAN Jingjing;WANG Dongdong;WANG Bo;HAO Ziqiong;ZHAO Hailong;FAN Shikai;GUO Wei(Xi’an Mineral Resources Research Center of China Geological Survey,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710100,China;Field Observational Stations of the Natural Resource Coupling Process and Biological Resources Conservation Across Transitional Zone from the Qinling Mountains to Loess Plateau in China,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710100,China;Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西西安710100 [2]秦岭-黄土高原过渡带水土要素耦合与生物资源保育野外观测研究站,陕西西安710100 [3]自然资源部自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2025年第2期67-75,共9页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国地质调查项目《秦岭-黄土高原过渡带自然资源要素相互作用与生态退化调查监测评价》(DD20220882)和《黄河中游(陕西段)自然资源综合调查》项目(DD20220868)联合资助。

摘　　要：为探明黄土台塬-冲积平原区域土壤肥力状况,为区域内土壤管理及农业高质量发展提供科学依据,采集黄土台塬-冲积平原区域内200份土样,测定9种土壤指标,采用改进的内梅罗综合指数法分析台塬区、平原区、山地区综合土壤肥力,结合ArcGIS分析区域土壤养分空间分布特征。研究表明,黄土台塬-冲积平原区域土壤为碱性土壤,全钾、全磷、有效磷、速效钾的含量总体较高,全氮、碱解氮、土壤有机质总体含量较低;土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和碱解氮是影响土壤肥力的最主要因素;台塬区域土壤综合肥力指数为1.102,土壤肥力一般,平原区域土壤综合肥力指数为1.069,土壤肥力一般,山地区域土壤综合肥力指数为1.125,土壤肥力一般。从空间分布特征来看,各肥力指标空间分布复杂,各指标分布规律不明显。因此黄土台塬-冲积平原区域土壤肥力水平整体较低,养分条件有待提高。通过本研究勘查和评价了区域土壤肥力现状,为开展黄土高原生态环境保护和农业生产高质量发展提供依据。This study aims to evaluate the status of soil fertility in the Loess Plateau-Alluvial Plain and provide a scientific basis for soil management and high-quality agricultural development in the region.Two hundred soil samples were collected from the Loess Plateau-Alluvial Plain,and nine soil indicators were measured.The improved Nemerow comprehensive index method was applied to analyze the comprehensive soil fertility of the plateau,plain,and mountainous areas,while ArcGIS was used to examine the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in the region.The soil in the Loess Plateau Tableland and Alluvial Plain is alkaline,characterized by high levels of total potassium(K),total phosphorus(P),and available forms of phosphorus and potassium.In contrast,total nitrogen(N),alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and soil organic matter levels are relatively low.Soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were identified as the most important factors affecting soil fertility.The comprehensive fertility index of the soil was 1.102 in the tableland region,1.069 in the plain region,and 1.125 in the mountainous region,all classified as average soil fertility.The spatial distribution of each fertility index was complex,with no clear distribution pattern.Overall,soil fertility levels in the Loess Plateau and Alluvial Plain regions are generally low,requiring significant improvements in nutrient conditions.This study provides a basis for ecological environmental protection and high-quality agricultural production on the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：土壤理化性质 土壤养分肥力 空间分布 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]