新梅根腐性叶片黄化分级及矫治研究  

Classification and Remedy of Root Rot-Induced Leaf Yellowing in Xinmei No.1 Prunus Plum

作　　者：卢磊 唐金 LU Lei;TANG Jin(Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Forestry Sciences,Yining,Xinjiang 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁哈萨克自治州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2025年第2期94-99,共6页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“新梅根腐性黄化分级及矫治研究”(2022D01F04);中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新[2023]TG17号)。

摘　　要：以黄化的新梅1号品种为试材,根据地上部叶片黄化地下部烂根现象提出新梅根腐性叶片黄化的概念,进而定性定量提出新梅根腐性叶片黄化分级标准。采用7种黄化矫治处理,观测处理后叶片叶绿素含量,结果表明黄叶净矫治根腐性叶片黄化效果最好,可作为矫治新梅根腐性叶片黄化矫治的适宜药剂。不同黄化等级的新梅树经过不同剂量黄叶净处理以后复绿效果存在差异,轻度等级的新梅根腐性叶片黄化幼龄树使用30 g/株复绿效果最好,在7~10 d可矫治复绿。中度等级的根腐性叶片黄化成龄树使用80 g/株复绿效果最好,在14 d可矫治复绿。重度根腐性叶片黄化的新梅老龄树采用120 g/株剂量复绿效果最好,在20 d可矫治复绿。通过调查发现,在相同的栽培条件下毛桃作为砧木嫁接新梅品种易发生根腐性叶片黄化现象,樱桃李作为砧木嫁接新梅品种未发现有根腐性叶片黄化现象,樱桃李可作为新梅高抗根腐性叶片黄化的砧木推广应用。Xinmei No.1(a Prunus plum variety)was used as the experimental material to establish the concept of root rot-induced leaf yellowing,based on the observed correlation between above-ground leaf yellowing and underground root decay.Qualitative and quantitative grading standards for root rot-induced leaf yellowing were developed.Seven treatment methods were tested to correct leaf yellowing,with the chlorophyll content of treated leaves subsequently measured.Results showed that Huangyejing was the most effective remedy for alleviating root rot-induced leaf yellowing and is recommended for use.Optimal dosages of Huangyejing varied with the severity of yellowing.Young trees with mild yellowing showed optimal recovery within 7~10 days when treated with 30 g/tree.Mature trees with moderate yellowing required 80 g/tree for recovery within 14 days,while old trees with severe yellowing achieved recovery within 20 days at a dosage of 120 g/tree.Field investigations showed that Xinmei No.1 varieties grafted onto peach rootstocks were highly susceptible to root rot-induced leaf yellowing,while those grafted onto cherry plum rootstocks were resistant.Accordingly,cherry plum rootstocks are recommended to enhance resistance to root rot-induced leaf yellowing in Xinmei No.1 varieties.

关 键 词：新梅 叶片黄化 分级 矫治 伊犁河谷 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]