油气井牙轮钻头金属密封研究现状  

Research Status of Metal Seals of Roller Cone Bits in Oil and Gas Wells

作　　者：罗凯 马艺[2] 孟祥铠[2] 江锦波[2] LUO Kai;MA Yi;MENG Xiangkai;JIANG Jinbo(Taizhou Science and Technology Innovation Service Center,Taizhou Zhejiang 318099,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]台州市科技创新服务中心,浙江台州318099 [2]浙江工业大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2025年第3期186-196,共11页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52375211,51975527)。

摘　　要：随着深层油气资源的不断开发,牙轮钻头核心组件之一--轴承密封系统对整个钻井系统的影响愈发明显,已成为制约钻头寿命和钻井效率的关键要素。综述油气井牙轮钻头用金属密封技术及相关领域流体密封的研究现状,分析井下高温、高压、高频振动及磨砺性颗粒流工况的复杂性及其对密封的不利影响;介绍钻头密封的常见结构类型及特点,从界面接触力学特性、多场耦合效应以及稳、动态密封性能与多相流环境下的摩擦磨损特性等方面,讨论金属密封的密封机制与失效机制,指出金属密封的界面成膜机制、磨损机制与抗磨损技术研究具有重要意义,并就今后钻头金属密封研究提出了建议,可为石油和天然气高效钻探设备的基础研究与设计开发提供参考。With the continuous development of deep oil and gas resources,one of the core components of the roller cone bits,the bearing sealing system,has an obvious impact on the entire drilling system.It has become a key element that restricts the working life and efficiency of the drilling bits.The research status of metal sealing technology for roller cone bits in oil and gas wells and fluid sealing in related fields were reviewed.The complexity of downhole conditions such as high temperature,high pressure,high-frequency vibration,and abrasive particle flow and their adverse effects on sealing were analyzed.The common structure types and characteristics of bit seals were introduced.The sealing mechanism and failure mechanism of metal seals were discussed in terms of the interface contact mechanics,multi-field coupling effects,steady and dynamic sealing performance,and friction and wear characteristics under the multiphase flow environment.The important significance of the research on the interface film formation mechanism,wear mechanism,and anti-wear technology of metal seals was pointed out,and several suggestions were put forward for future research on metal seals of drilling bits.It could provide a reference for the research,design,and development of the oil and gas drilling equipment.

关 键 词：牙轮钻头 金属密封 密封性能 动态特性 摩擦磨损 

分 类 号：TH117.2[机械工程—机械设计及理论]