“奥斯维辛”阴影下的历史追寻与记忆重建——论《奥斯特利茨》中的大屠杀记忆书写  

Pursuit of History and Reconstruction of Memory in the Shadow of Auschwitz:A Study of the Holocaust Memory Writing in Austerlitz

作　　者：姚宇越 YAO Yuyue(College of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu Sichuan 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《乐山师范学院学报》2025年第2期66-71,126,共7页Journal of Leshan Normal University

摘　　要：“大屠杀文学”自面世以来,其以虚构方式表现真实创伤和人类经验的书写体裁便受到众多历史学家、批评家的质疑。德国作家塞巴尔德的长篇小说《奥斯特利茨》以大屠杀遇难者后代奥斯特利茨返乡寻亲为线索,结合“儿童运输”计划等历史事件,展现了奥斯特利茨从遗忘到回忆的记忆复原过程,证明了“大屠杀文学”见证历史、反思暴力的可行性。塞巴尔德通过文字与图像拼接的方式复现和处理创伤记忆,剖析奥斯特利茨失忆症背后的心理和社会机制,揭露部分犹太儿童移民的战后真实处境,化解了创伤记忆的再现困境。独特的书写方式使塞巴尔德能够兼顾记忆责任和伦理关怀,也使《奥斯特利茨》成为文学表征人类危机和创伤记忆的典型个案。Since its appearance,Holocaust literature has been questioned by many historians and critics for its fictional protrayal of true trauma and human experience.The German writer W.G.Sebald's novel Austerlitz takes the return of Austerlitz,who is a descendant of the Holocaust victims,to find his family as a clue,combined with historical events such as the Kindertransport Program to show Austerlitz's memory recovery process from forgetting to recollection.Thus,the novel proves the feasibility of Holocaust literature to witness history and reflect on violence.Sebald reproduces and processes traumatic memories through a bricolage of words and images,analyzes the psychological and social mechanisms behind Austerlitz's amnesia,exposes the real post-war situation of some Jewish child immigrants,and resolves the dilemma of recreating traumatic memories.The unique way of writing allows Sebald to balance the responsibility of memory and ethical concern,and makes Austerlitz a typical case of literary representation of human crisis and traumatic memory.

关 键 词：塞巴尔德 《奥斯特利茨》 大屠杀记忆 创伤书写 记忆重建 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]