宁夏近代水利地图数据库构建及应用——基于TGIS的古旧水利地图信息化建设实例  

Information Construction and Application of Modern Water Conservancy Map Based on TGIS

作　　者：白江涛 潘威 Bai Jiangtao;Pan Wei

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院 [2]西安地图出版社有限公司 [3]云南大学历史地理研究所

出　　处：《数字人文研究》2024年第4期47-66,共20页Digital Humanities Research

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学团队项目“近代中国西部边疆多语种水利史料整理与研究”(23VJXT018)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近代水利图清晰记录了民国时期的区域水体面貌,对历史水系变迁研究有重要的价值和作用。文章在“数字历史黄河”的基础上,以民国《宁夏省境黄河沿岸沟渠水道地形图》为例,在TGIS(时态地理信息系统)技术和理论的支持下,实现了近代水利地图中水体信息的自动提取与空间匹配,开发了基于TGIS的近代水利地图信息化数据库系统。在数据库的基础上,利用空间自相关、分形和灌溉效率分析了该套数据。分析结果表明,宁夏灌渠在1949前具有显著的自然河流形态特征,显示出传统时代当地水利设施和“岁修”行为难以克服黄河流路变更频繁、河道侧向摆动、水量不稳等环境因素对灌溉的持续性影响,这是人工判读和统计分析很难说清楚的问题。The modern water conservancy map clearly records the regional water body features in the Republic of China period,which has important value and role in the study of historical water system changes.On the basis of“Digital History of the Yellow River”,this paper takes the“Topographic Map of Ditches and Waterways along the Yellow River in Ningxia Province of the Republic of China”as an example,and with the support of TGIS technology and theory,the modern water conservancy map is informationized with modern geographic information technology,and then the spatial autocorrelation,fractal and irrigation efficiency are used to analyze the data.The analysis results show that:The irrigation canal in Ningxia had significant natural river form characteristics before liberation,indicating that local water conservancy facilities and"annual repair"in traditional times could not overcome the continuous influence of environmental factors such as frequent changes of Yellow River road,lateral channel swing,and unstable water volume on irrigation,which was difficult to clear through manual interpretation and statistical analysis.

关 键 词：TGIS 数字历史黄河 近代水利地图 信息化 

分 类 号：K992.7[历史地理—人文地理学] K901.9