“一带一路”背景下中国海外铁路项目建设的风险分析——基于制度距离的视角  

Risk Analysis of China’s Overseas Railway Projects under the“Belt and Road”Initiative:From the Perspective of Institutional Distance

作　　者：黄岩[1,2] 戴小轶[1] 李丽萍 HUANG Yan;DAI Xiaoyi;LI Liping(School of Public Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China;Guangdong Research Center for Social Security,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共管理学院,广州510641 [2]华南理工大学广东社会保障研究中心,广州510641

出　　处：《开发研究》2025年第1期25-33,共9页Research On Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国式现代化进程中文化和旅游深度融合发展研究”(23ZDA091)。

摘　　要：基础设施联通是“一带一路”的“五通”发展目标之一。由于制度距离的阻碍,中国企业在海外的一些铁路建设项目容易出现进度缓慢、半途终止等问题。梳理中国企业2013—2022年以来在海外签约或者动工的铁路项目建设数据和信息,挖掘行业报告和新闻报道内容,分析制度距离作用下中国海外铁路建设面临的风险,并针对现有风险提出建议。研究发现,规则性制度距离导致双方法律政策不相通,铁路项目违约风险提升;不稳定的东道国政治系统威胁企业的员工安全和财产安全。在规范性制度距离的影响下,东道国居民对“一带一路”等中国政策了解不足,且个人主义的劳工价值观与中国企业集体主义文化不符,引发劳工不满。同时,认知性制度距离使中外认知体系差异显著,东道国专家对中国标准不熟悉,增加了协商难度;劳工技能水平较低,缺乏铁路运营与管理人才。中国政府和企业应加强与东道国的政策沟通,完善风险管理体系;尊重当地文化,保持良好的劳工沟通,承担社会责任;进行技术转移与知识共享,为劳工提供技术培训机会。Infrastructure connectivity is one of the“Five Connectivity”development goals of the“Belt and Road”Initiative(BRI).Due to institutional distance,some Chinese enterprises’overseas railway construction projects face issues such as slow progress and project suspension.This study analyzes the risks faced by Chinese companies in their overseas railway projects from 2013 to 2022,by reviewing project contract and construction data,industry reports,and news articles.The analysis focuses on the role of institutional distance and provides suggestions for mitigating existing risks.The study finds that regulatory institutional distance leads to legal and policy discrepancies between China and host countries,increasing the risk of contract breach.An unstable political system in host countries threatens the safety of employees and assets of enterprises.The normative institutional distance reflects insufficient understanding of BRI and Chinese policies by local residents,as well as the conflicts between individualistic labor values and Chinese collectivist culture,which may lead to labor dissatisfaction.Additionally,cognitive institutional distance exacerbates the differences in cognitive systems,as local experts are unfamiliar with Chinese standards,complicating negotiations.The low skill level of local labors and the lack of professionals in railway operation and management further increase the challenges.The Chinese government and enterprises should enhance policy communication with host countries,improve risk management systems,respect local cultures,maintain good labor relations,and assume social responsibilities.They should also engage in technology transfer,knowledge sharing,and provide technical training opportunities for local workers.

关 键 词：一带一路 铁路项目 制度距离 价值差异 风险分析 

分 类 号：F426.92[经济管理—产业经济] F125F531