考虑RAMS的动车组部件预防性维修策略  

Preventive maintenance strategy for electric multiple unit components considering RAMS

作　　者：伊成山 王红[1] YI Chengshan;WANG Hong(School of Mechatronic Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]青海民族大学土木与交通工程学院,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2025年第2期309-319,共11页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72061022);甘肃省优秀研究生创新之星项目(2023CXZX-518)。

摘　　要：为保证动车组部件安全可靠工作,实现维修部门安全和效益目标,本文针对运行里程达到四级修后进行更换的动车组部件为研究对象,提出一种考虑RAMS指标的动车组部件预防性维修策略,该策略考虑了RAMS指标对部件维修策略的影响,采用初级修、高级修和发生故障进行小修的维修方式,引入了役龄递减因子和故障率递增因子来描述不同维修方式的维修效果。以动车组部件的可靠度阈值为决策变量,可用度要求为约束条件,将维修性和安全性指标量化为成本和时间,建立了多目标优化模型。分析安全性风险因子和维修性损失因子对部件可靠度阈值的敏感性,并探究不同优化目标对维修策略优化倾向的影响。结果表明:RAMS指标应用于动车组部件的维修策略后,采取较高的可靠度阈值能有效控制部件小修次数;安全性风险因子和维修性损失因子对策略优化结果具有显著影响;调整目标函数加权因子取值,可使策略具有较强的优化倾向;考虑RAMS指标预防性维修策略更具经济性,为动车组部件维修决策提供理论支持。A preventive maintenance strategy for rolling stock components considering a random access measurement system(RAMS)is proposed in this study to ensure the safe and reliable operation of electric multiple unit(EMU)components and achieve the safety and efficiency objectives of the maintenance department.This approach targets the EMU components that require replacement after reaching the fourth-level repair threshold.The strategy considers the impact of RAMS indicators on the component maintenance approach,implementing primary,advanced,and minor repairs at failure.It introduces the service age decreasing factor and failure rate increasing factor to capture the effects of different maintenance methods.Maintainability and safety indexes are quantified in terms of maintenance cost and time using the reliability threshold of the EMU component as the decision variable and the availability requirement as the constraint condition.Then,a multi-objective optimization model is established.The sensitivity of safety risk factors and maintainability loss factors to component reliability thresholds is analyzed,and the influence of various optimization objectives on maintenance strategy trends is investigated.The results show that when the RAMS index is applied to the maintenance strategy of rolling stock components,the adoption of higher reliability thresholds can effectively control the number of minor component repairs,and the safety risk and maintenance loss factors exhibit significant effects on the strategy optimization results.Therefore,optimization effects become evident by adjusting the values of the objective function weighting factors.Theoretical support for the maintenance decision of rolling stock components can be provided by improving the economic efficiency of the preventive maintenance strategy using the RAMS index.

关 键 词：预防性维修 动车组部件 可靠度、可用度、维修性、安全性 可靠度阈值 层次分析法 维修成本 维修时间 多目标优化 

分 类 号：U279.1[机械工程—车辆工程]