微型电动汽车拍频噪声诊断及改进  

Diagnosis and optimization of beating noise for a mini electric vehicle

作　　者：陈江艳 杨晨[1] CHEN Jiangyan;YANG Chen(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China;Chongqing Chao Li Electric Appliance Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学能源与动力工程学院,重庆400030 [2]重庆超力电器有限责任公司,重庆401122

出　　处：《应用声学》2025年第2期362-370,共9页Journal of Applied Acoustics

摘　　要：某在研微型电动汽车存在嗡嗡异响,严重影响驾乘体验。首先,基于分别运行法、拍频理论、部件结构及其激励特征分析诊断该异响为拍频噪声,并通过声振测试、希尔伯特包络分析、频谱分析进行了确认;然后,运用传递路径分析并结合试错法、覆盖法等工程方法确认了该拍频噪声的作用机理并基于源、路径2个方面提出了多种改善措施;最后,通过数值模拟、单品台架及整车测试验证了方案的有效性。试验结果表明,基于源和传递路径双因素的针对性改进可快速有效处置该拍频噪声问题,零部件1阶噪声降低可达11.1dB(A),为解决类似工程问题提供了思路。A mini electric vehicle under research has a buzzing noise,which seriously affects the driving comfort.Firstly,the abnormal noise was diagnosed as beating noise based on the separate operation method,beating theory,component structure and excitation characteristics,and confirmed by acoustic and vibration testing,Hilbert envelope analysis and spectrum analysis.Then,the transfer path analysis and the trial-and error method,covering method were used to confirm the mechanism of the beating noise and put forward a variety of improvement measures based on the source and path.Finally,the effectiveness of the scheme is verified by numerical simulation,component and vehicle testing.The results show that the beating noise can be quickly and effectively solved by the targeted improvement based on both source and transfer path factors,and the first-order noise reduction of parts can reach 11.1 dB(A),which provides a way to solve similar engineering problems.

关 键 词：电动汽车 拍频噪声 希尔伯特变换 数值模拟 故障诊断 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程] TH165.3[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程] TH45[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]