梯度流阻率多孔材料设计与声学性能分析  

Design and sound performance analysis of porous materials with gradient airflow resistivity

作　　者：程宇翔 熊鑫忠 刘学文 周跃亭[3] CHENG Yuxiang;XIONG Xinzhong;LIU Xuewen;ZHOU Yueting(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;Prosynx Technology Inc.,Shanghai 200335,China;School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院,上海201620 [2]上海普信科技有限公司,上海200335 [3]同济大学航空航天与力学学院,上海200092

出　　处：《应用声学》2025年第2期396-404,共9页Journal of Applied Acoustics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12272269)。

摘　　要：传统均匀介质声学材料已不能满足现代声学对于宽频吸声的要求,因此提出具有不同梯度流阻率的复合结构。以具有梯度流阻率的聚氨酯泡沫为研究对象,基于Johnson-Champoux-Allard(JCA)模型及传递矩阵法分析并确定了流阻率的变化范围和梯度结构,将材料划分为5层以准确表征吸声系数,研究了流阻率的梯度函数形式和分布曲线的特征对吸声性能的影响。结果表明,沿着声传播方向流阻率由低到高梯度变化的设计吸声性能较好,流阻率变化按照对数梯度形式的结构可以提高宽频吸声系数,而对数曲线的曲率适中可避免高流阻导致中高频吸声系数降低。梯度流阻率的设计降低了多孔材料的吸声谷带来的影响,对多孔材料的结构设计及其在声学领域上的应用具有重要的指导意义。Conventional homogeneous dielectric acoustic materials can no longer meet the requirements of modern acoustics for broadband sound absorption,so composite structures with different gradient airflow resistivity are proposed.Taking polyurethane foam as the research object,based on Johnson-Champoux-Allard(JCA)model and the transfer matrix method,the range of airflow resistivity and gradient structure were determined,divided the material into five layers to accurately characterize the sound absorption coefficient,the effect of the gradient function form and distribution curves characteristics on the sound absorption perfor mance were studied.The results show that the design with a gradient of airflow resistivity from low to high along the sound propagation direction has better sound absorption performance,and the structure in which airflow resistivity follows a logarithmic gradient form can improve the broadband sound absorption coefficient,while the moderate curvature of logarithmic curve can avoid the decrease of mid-to-high frequency sound absorption coefficient caused by the high airflow resistivity.The design of gradient airflow resistivity reduces the influence brought by sound-absorbing valleys,which is a guide for the structural design of porous materials and its application on acoustics.

关 键 词：聚氨酯泡沫 流阻率 梯度形式 梯度差 吸声系数 

分 类 号：TB535.1[理学—物理]