干旱胁迫对核桃叶片水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Water Use Efficiency of Walnut Leaves

作　　者：吕丽沛 沈媛媛 桑玉强[1,3] 张劲松 LYU Lipei;SHEN Yuanyuan;SANG Yuqiang;ZHANG Jinsong(College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Culture and Tourism,Zhoukou Vocational College of Arts and Sciences,Zhoukou 466000,Henan China;Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Jiyuan 459000,Henan China;Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450046 [2]周口文理职业学院文化旅游学院,河南周口466000 [3]河南小浪底森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,河南济源459000 [4]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《河南科学》2025年第3期381-388,共8页Henan Science

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(232102110063);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2023PA00101)。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变暖,干旱逐渐成为严重影响植物正常生长的重要因素之一,研究植物水分利用效率可揭示其抗旱机制,从而为植物节水灌溉提供参考。以华北土石山区2年生核桃实生苗为试验材料,通过试验分析了不同干旱处理条件下核桃叶片的SPAD、气孔导度、光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率的变化规律及其相互关系。结果表明:①不同干旱处理条件下核桃叶片SPAD表现为:轻度干旱>中度干旱>充分供水>重度干旱。②不同干旱处理条件下,核桃叶片气孔导度、净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化均呈先上升后下降趋势。③不同干旱处理条件下,核桃叶片水分利用效率均呈“M”形多峰变化趋势,晴天重度干旱及阴天轻度干旱条件下核桃叶片水分利用效率值均达到最大。④在晴天轻度干旱条件下,核桃叶片的水分利用效率与气孔导度之间呈显著正相关性(p<0.05);其他干旱处理条件下,核桃叶片的水分利用效率与气孔导度之间的相关性均不显著(p>0.05)。综合来看,轻度干旱条件下核桃叶片的水分利用效率最高,该结果可为当地核桃的科学灌溉提供理论依据。With the global climate warming,drought has gradually become one of the important factors that seriously affects the growth of plants.Studying the water use efficiency of plants can reveal their drought resistance mechanism,so as to provide reference for water-saving irrigation of plants.The seedlings of two-year-old walnut in the soil and rock mountainous area of North China were used as experimental materials.The changes of SPAD,stomatal conductance,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and water use efficiency of walnut leaves under different drought treatment conditions and their interrelationships were analyzed through experiments.The result show that:①The SPAD of walnut leaves under different drought treatment conditions shows as follows:mild drought>moderate drought>sufficient water supply>severe drought.②Under different drought treatment conditions,the diurnal variations of stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of walnut leaves show the trend of increasing first and then decreasing.③Under different drought treatment conditions,the water use efficiency of walnut leaves shows a multi-peak trend of“M”shape.Under the conditions of severe drought in sunny days and mild drought in cloudy days,the water use efficiency of walnut leaves reaches the maximum value.④There is a significant positive correlation between water use efficiency and stomatal conductance of walnut leaves under the conditions of mild drought in sunny days(p<0.05).Under other drought treatment conditions,there is no significant correlation between water use efficiency and stomatal conductance of walnut leaves(p>0.05).In summary,the water use efficiency of walnut leaves is the highest under mild drought condition,which can provide theoretical basis for scientific irrigation of local walnut.

关 键 词：土壤水分 干旱 核桃 气孔导度 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] Q945.78[生物学—植物学]