返乡创业试点政策的劳动生产率提升效应——基于CFPS微观数据的实证考察  

The Effect of the Pilot Policy of Returnee Entrepreneurship on Labor Productivity:An Empirical Study Based on CFPS Micro-data

作　　者：曹壹帆 陈慧杰 李雪颖 CAO Yifan;CHEN Huijie;LI Xueying

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期56-66,共11页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“独木不成林:现代农业中小农经营规模变动的区域性外部经济研究”(72073066)。

摘　　要：在中国农村由“打工经济”逐步向“创业经济”转变的背景下,利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2012−2020年的数据,从微观农户视角,考察了返乡创业试点政策对农户劳动生产率的影响。研究发现,试点政策能够显著提高农户劳动生产率,该结论在通过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。细分劳动生产率类别发现,试点政策通过促进非农就业显著提高了农户非农劳动生产率;对农户农业劳动生产率而言,试点政策的影响并不显著。其原因在于,试点政策在通过促进土地流转正向影响农业劳动生产率的同时,又通过降低务农人力资本对农业劳动生产率产生了负面影响,正反效应形成了抵消。异质性分析发现,相较于东部地区,试点政策对中西部地区农户劳动生产率的促进作用更强;相较于高收入农户,试点政策对低收入农户非农劳动生产率的促进作用更强。据此,提出推广完善返乡创业试点政策,加大中西部地区返乡创业的扶持力度,进一步推广返乡创业试点政策中的益贫性措施的建议。In the context of China’s rural transition from a“migrant worker economy”to an“entre⁃preneurial economy”in rural areas,this study utilizes data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS)spanning from 2012 to 2020 to examine the impact of the returnee entrepreneurship pilot policy on the labor productivity of rural households from a micro-household perspective.The results reveal that the pilot policy significantly enhances farmers’labor productivity,a conclusion that still holds after a series of robustness tests.Disaggregated analysis reveals that the pilot policy significantly improves farmers’non-agricultural labor productivity by promoting non-agricultural employment,while their effect on agricultural labor productivity remains statistically insignificant.This is attributed to the pilot policy simulta⁃neously having a positive effect on agricultural labor productivity through promoting land transfers and a negative effect by reducing human capital invested in farming,resulting in a net offset of effects.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the policy has a stronger positive effect on labor productivity in central and western regions than in eastern regions.Moreover,the policy’s promotion of non-agricultural labor pro⁃ductivity is more significant for low-income farmers than for high-income farmers.Based on these findings,the study recommends expanding and refining the pilot policy,increasing support for entrepreneurial activities in central and western regions,and expanding the poverty-reducing measures within the pilot policy.

关 键 词：返乡创业 农户劳动生产率 非农就业 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]