施药服务外包有助于农药减量施用吗?——来自CLES的经验证据  

Does Outsourcing of Pesticide Application Service Help Reduce Pesticide Use?——Empirical Evidence from CLES

作　　者：钱龙[1] 饶清玲 陆华良 QIAN Long;RAO Qingling;LU Hualiang

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学粮食和物资学院,江苏南京210023 [2]上海财经大学财经研究所,上海200433 [3]南京审计大学商学院,江苏南京211815

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期103-115,共13页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“农业社会化服务对化学农资减量施用的影响:理论机制、效应识别与政策优化”(72273061);国家自然科学基金面上项目“农村产业数字化与农民增收:机理、绩效和政策”(72273016);全国粮食和物资储备青年拔尖人才服务行业需求自主选题项目“消费环节粮食浪费的状况、成因和对策研究”(QN2024908)。

摘　　要：有效减少农业生产中的农药施用对提升农产品品质和实现农业高质量发展至关重要。基于中国土地经济调查(CLES)2020年和2021年两年混合截面数据,探讨了施药环节服务外包对农药减量施用的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:第一,施药环节外包显著减少了农药施用。在调整样本组合、聚焦水稻种植户,处理选择性偏误和考虑内生性问题后,结论依然稳健。第二,机制检验表明,施药服务外包通过缓解劳动力约束和实现规模效应来减少农药施用,而农药类型替代这一路径没有得到验证。第三,情境性分析表明,前端环节外包程度强化了施药环节外包减少农药施用的促进效应,而上年度病虫害强度会弱化施药环节外包带来的农药减量效果。以上结论说明施药服务外包在减少农药施用中发挥着积极作用,需加快提升施药服务外包普及率,助力“双减”战略的实现。Effective reduction of pesticide application in agricultural production is crucial for improving the quality of agricultural products and realizing high-quality agricultural development.Based on two-year mixed cross-section data from the China Land Economic Survey(CLES)in 2020 and 2021,this paper explores the effect of outsourcing of pesticide application service on pesticide reduction and its mechanism.The findings reveal three key points:first,agricultural outsourcing service significantly reduced pesticide application.This finding remains robust after adjusting sample combinations,putting emphasis on rice farmer,dealing with selectivity bias and considering endogeneity.Second,mechanism tests demonstrate that outsourcing of agricultural service could reduce pesticide application through labor constraint alleviation and scale effect realization,while the hypothesized pathway of pesticide variety substitution was not verified.Third,contextual analysis indicates that the intensity of front-end outsourcing amplifies the pesticide-reduction effect of application outsourcing on pesticide reduction,while the intensity of diseases and pests in the previous year weakens the pesticide reduction effect of application outsourcing.This paper indicates that application service outsourcing plays a positive role in promoting pesticide reduction,and it is necessary to accelerate the adoption rate of application service outsourcing,so as to further help promote the strategy of“dual reduction”.

关 键 词：施药服务外包 社会化服务 农药减量 中国土地经济调查 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]