集体经济发展与内生型农村公共品供给  

The Development of Collective Economy and Endogenous Rural Public Goods Supply

作　　者：王波[1] WANG Bo

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期127-138,共12页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(22&ZD173)。

摘　　要：在国家大力扶持集体经济发展的背景下,通过发展集体经济、壮大社区公共财力从而为乡村社会提供公共服务的模式已经成为一种新型的内生型农村公共品供给模式。改革开放以来,我国农村公共品供给大致经历了“制度外”的自上而下供给模式、“一事一议、筹资筹劳”供给模式和“制度内”自上而下的项目制供给模式,当前我国正出现的是一种“由发展集体经济驱动的、村社主导”的农村公共品供给模式。作为项目制的有益补充,这一模式的实践逻辑在于,村社集体通过平台式经营将国家资源转化为村社公共财力,再通过分配型民主激活村庄自治,实现农村公共品的有效供给。区别于资源下乡下“国家⁃农户”长循环的公共品供给模式,以资源内生为特征的集体经济模式是一种“村社⁃农户”短循环的供给模式。它通过增强集体的统筹能力、推动农民再组织化,产生了一种“内生性的自下而上”的决策机制,从而将资源使用与村庄民主相结合,实现了供给有效和治理有效双重目标。当前,该模式效能的发挥受到集体经济发育不足、资源分配制度建设滞后的影响。对其进行优化,必须增强村社集体统筹集体经济发展的能力,完善资源分配制度。Against the backdrop of strong national support for the development of collective economy,the mode of providing public services for rural society by developing collective economy and expanding community public finance has become a new endogenous mode of rural public goods supply.Since the reform and opening up,the supply of rural public goods in China has roughly gone through three stages:the top-down“extra-institutional”supply model,the model of“case-by-case deliberation,fundraising and labor mobilization”,and the top-down project-based“institutional”supply model.Currently,a new“collective economy-driven,village community-led”model is taking shape.As a useful supplement to the project system,the practical logic of this model lies in the fact that the collective village community converts national resources into public financial resources of the village community through platform management,and then activates village autonomy through distributive democracy to realize the effective supply of rural public goods.Different from the long-cycle“state–household”public goods supply model,which involves resources flowing to the countryside,the collective economy model features an endogenous“village–household”short-cycle supply model.By strengthening the collective coordination and promoting the reorganization of farmers,it has produced an“endogenous bottom-up”decision-making mechanism,thus combining resource use with village democracy,and achieving the dual goals of effective supply and effective governance.However,the efficacy of this model is currently constrained by underdeveloped collective economies and lagging institutional frameworks for resource distribution.To optimize it,we must strengthen the collective ability of village community to coordinate development of collective economy and improve the resource allocation system.

关 键 词：新型集体经济 农村公共品 内生型供给 资源下乡 

分 类 号：F321[经济管理—产业经济]