基于SCoT分子标记的黄精属不同种质遗传多样性研究  

Genetic diversity of three germplasms of Polygonatum based on SCoT molecular markers

作　　者：朱珏 石雨荷 侯超文 李晓玲 刘泽湘 龚秀娟 刘湘丹[1,2] 童巧珍 ZHU Jue;SHI Yuhe;HOU Chaowen;LI Xiaoling;LIU Zexiang;GONG Xiujuan;LIU Xiangdan;TONG Qiaozhen(College of Pharmacy,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China;Quality and safety posts of Hunan Traditional Chinese medicine industry technology system,Changsha 410208,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学药学院,湖南长沙410208 [2]湖南省中药材产业技术体系质量安全岗,湖南长沙410208

出　　处：《中草药》2025年第3期966-974,共9页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：国家中药材产业技术体系食用百合龙山综合试验站(CARS-21);湖南省科技厅创新平台与人才计划(2023NK4141);湖南中医药大学重点学科中药学科项目(校行发规字[2023]2号);湖南省科技创新计划资助(2024RC8303)。

摘　　要：目的探讨黄精属Polygonatum Mill.6个产区3个种质的遗传多样性及亲缘关系。方法以34份黄精属种质资源为供试材料,采用正交设计方法,优化黄精属目标起始密码子多态性-PCR(start codon targeted polymorphism-PCR,SCo T-PCR)反应体系并筛选引物;并基于筛选出的引物对其进行遗传多样性分析、遗传结构以及遗传分化研究。结果得到黄精属SCo T-PCR最佳反应体系,筛选出15条多态性较好的引物,多态性条带比率为94.45%;在物种水平上,3个种质的平均观测等位基因数(observed number of alleles,N_(a))、平均有效等位基因数(effective number of alleles,N_(e))、平均Nei’s基因多样性指数(Nei’s gene diversity index,H)、平均香农指数(Shannon information index,I)分别为1.6783、1.2686、0.1740、0.2786,揭示群体间存在丰富的遗传多样性;聚类分析结果显示,多花黄精与长梗黄精聚成一类,表明亲缘关系较近;卷叶黄精作为单独分枝,其与另外2个种质的亲缘关系也较远;基因多样度(total genetic diversity,H_(t))、基因分化系数(gene diversity within population,H_(s))、遗传分化系数(coefficient of gene differentiation,G_(st))、基因流(gene flow,N_(m))分别为0.2104、0.1740、0.1733、2.3860,表明群体间存在较高水平的基因交流,AMOVA结果显示84%遗传差异来自于群体内,16%遗传差异来自于群体间;群体结构分析表明,当分析群体数(true number of clusters,K)为3时,34份材料可分为3个类群,且与聚类分析结果基本一致。结论SCoT分子标记可有效用于黄精属不同种质之间的亲缘关系及遗传多样性分析,为黄精属植物种质资源的鉴定保护、开发利用提供科学依据。Objective To explore the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of three germplasms of Polygonatum from six regions in Hunan Province.Methods The SCoT-PCR reaction system was optimized and primers were screened by orthogonal design using 34 germplasm resources of Polygonatum.The genetic diversity,genetic structure and genetic differentiation were analyzed based on the selected primers.Results The optimal SCoT-PCR reaction system was obtained,and 15 primers with good polymorphism were selected,and the polymorphism band ratio was 94.45%.At the species level,the average observed allele number(N_(a)),average effective allele number(N_(e)),average Nei's gene diversity index(H)and average Shannon index(I)of the three germplasms were 1.6783,1.2686,0.1740 and 0.2786,respectively;The results of cluster analysis showed that polyflorin and polyflorin were clustered into one class,indicating that they were closely related.As a single branch,it is far related to the other two germplasm.total genetic diversity(H_(t)),gene diversity within population(H_(s)),coefficient of gene differentiation(G_(st))and gene flow(N_(m))were 0.2104,0.1740,0.1733 and 2.3860,respectively,indicating a high level of gene exchange among populations.The results of AMOVA showed that 84% of the genetic differences were within the population and 16% were between the populations.The analysis of population structure showed that 34 materials could be divided into three groups when the true number of clusters(K)was 3,which was basically consistent with the result of cluster analysis.Conclusion SCoT molecular markers can be used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among different germplasms,and provide a scientific basis for the identification,protection,development and utilization of germplasms.

关 键 词：黄精属 SCoT标记 遗传多样性 亲缘关系 群体结构 

分 类 号：R286.12[医药卫生—中药学]