“时、地、度、法”农业伦理视角下多元种植模式的生产优势和机制  

Production Advantage and Mechanism of Multicrop Cultivation from an Agricultural Ethic Viewpoint of“Time”,“Place”,“Level”and“Law”Principles

作　　者：张晓艳[1] 姚昊琛 杨惠敏[1] Zhang Xiaoyan;Yao Haochen;Yang Huimin(College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院

出　　处：《科学.经济.社会》2024年第6期31-41,F0002,共12页Science Economy Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32171679);兰州大学“牧草与饲料作物栽培学课程思政示范课程”项目。

摘　　要：多元种植模式兼顾高质量生产和生态可持续,有助于加速推进我国农业现代化和草地畜牧业发展。但是多元种植模式的优化和潜力发挥后继乏力,限制了进一步推广应用,亟须从不同角度(如农业伦理学)解析该模式的优势和机制,从而解开禁锢。从农业伦理学“时”“地”“度”“法”四维解析了多元种植模式的生产优势和机制。1)在间混套作模式下,活用作物生态位的时空差异,可发挥作物间的互补作用而减弱竞争抑制作用,实现农田生态系统内光照、水分、养分等资源在不同时空的均衡利用,并通过有机质返还、豆科固氮等提高土壤肥力,增强地力可持续性,减小对化肥的依赖。2)在轮作模式下,合理安排轮作序列和周期,可发挥前作茬口对后作的遗留效应,并增强土壤自我修复能力,改善地力,减少化肥施用。3)多元种植模式可改变病虫草害发生条件,或打破病原体、害虫、毒杂草的生命周期,从而减轻危害,降低农田生态系统对农药等的依赖。因此,与单作连作相比,多元种植模式充分尊重了作物禀赋特性,更“重时宜”,能更好地利用和改善地力,也符合农业活动“行有度”的要求,从而更好地发挥生产功能,且环境友好,是“法自然”思想的集中体现。The multicrop cultivation shows great advantages in high quality production and ecological sustainability,which helps a lot in agricultural modernization and livestock husbandry development.However,there were some barriers retarding the optimization of this cultivation pattern and restricting the reach to its potential in production.This has put some limits in extensive application of this pattern.Therefore,it urges us to interpret how the advantage of multicrop cultivation is achieved from some other viewpoint in spite of field and lab test angle,which will help maximize the productivity and extend the application.This paper reported the advantage of multicrop cultivation and the mechanisms from the agricultural ethic viewpoint,including“time”,“place”,“level”,and“law”principles.1)Compared to sole cropping,intercropping can make better use of crop characteristics,maximizing the complementary relationship between crops and reducing competition.The intercropping leads to balanced use of multiple resources such as light,water and nutrients at various spatiotemporal scales in the farmland ecosystem.Soil fertility can be improved through organic matter return and biological N fixation of legume besides balanced soil nutrients,which will promote the sustainable use of land and alleviate the dependence on fertilizer application.2)In the rotation system,the rational arrangement of rotation sequence and period helps maximize the legacy effect of pre-crops on the subsequent crops.The rotation can also enhance the regenerative ability of soils to increase soil fertility,reducing fertilizer application.3)Multicrop cultivation leads to reduced damage from the diseases,pests and insects,and weeds through changing the living condition and breaking life cycle.This thus reduces the dependence of farmland ecosystems on chemicals such as fungicides,pesticides and herbicides.Conclusively,compared to sole and continuous cropping,multicrop cultivation shows a full respect to crop intrinsic nature,makes a better use of�

关 键 词：多元种植 农业伦理学 作物组配 田间管理干预 资源均衡利用 地力改善 

分 类 号：S-02[农业科学] S31