小开放阅读框:隐藏的功能元件库  

Small Open Reading Frame:Hidden Functional Component Library

作　　者：孙小艺 李臣诚 徐寒梅[1] 胡加亮[1] SUN Xiaoyi;LI Chencheng;XU Hanmei;HU Jialiang(Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Peptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学江苏省合成多肽药物发现与评价工程中心,江苏南京211198

出　　处：《药物生物技术》2024年第6期711-717,共7页Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

摘　　要：小开放阅读框(small open reading frames, sORFs)通常是指包含一个起始密码子与终止密码子的少于300个碱基的开放阅读框,在过往的研究中常被认为是无功能的。基因组学和分子生物学的进步揭示了在所有类型的转录本中存在大量的sORFs,并且越来越多的研究表明这些sORFs能够编码功能肽或作为翻译调节因子在多种生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用,这也提示了sORFs可能代表了一个隐藏的功能元件库,可为未来疾病治疗提供新方向和新靶点。受益于生物信息学分析、翻译组学分析、质谱分析等方法的发展,大量的sORFs的鉴定工作快速推进,特别对于sORFs编码的微肽的注释与功能表征具有重要意义,也为后续靶点发现和应用转化等方面的研究提供了良好的基础。作者回顾了sORFs的分类以及其主要的功能,比如编码微肽和调控翻译,随后对目前发现功能性sORFs的方法进行了简单的综述,为未来开展的sORFs编码肽的研究提供重要参考。Small open reading frames(sORFs)are defined as open reading frames that contain less than 300 bases of a start codon and a stop codon,and often considered nonfunctional in previous studies.Advances in genomics and molecular biology have revealed that there are a large number of small open reading frames(sORFs)in all types of noncoding RNAs,and more and more studies have shown that these sORFs can encode functional peptides or function as translational regulators in a variety of physiological and pathological processes,which also suggests that sORFs may represent a hidden library of functional elements and can provide new directions and targets for future disease treatment.Benefiting from the development of bioinformatics analysis,ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry,the identification of sORFs has been rapidly promoted,especially for the annotation and functional characterization of micropeptides encoded by sORFs.In addition,these technologies also provide a good foundation for the subsequent research in target discovery and application transformation.In this review,the authors review the classification of sORFs and their main functions such as encoding micropeptides and regulating translation,briefly introduce the current methods for discovering functional sORFs,providing an important reference for the future research on the peptides encoded by sORFs.

关 键 词：小开放阅读框 微肽 分类 预测方法 生物信息学分析 核糖体分析 质谱分析 功能表征 

分 类 号：R915[医药卫生—微生物与生化药学]