细胞外囊泡在呼吸系统感染性疾病中的作用  

Roles of extracellular vesicles in respiratory infectious diseases

作　　者：徐巍 周珈羽 杨敏 巫媛 李一秋 程训佳[1,2] 王菲菲 XU Wei;ZHOU Jiayu;YANG Min;WU Yuan;LI Yiqu;CHENG Xunjia;WANG Feifei(Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology,Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Shanghai Medical College,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学上海医学院基础医学院病原生物学系,教育部/卫健委/中国医学科学院医学分子病毒学重点实验室,上海200032 [2]上海市重大传染病和生物安全研究院,上海200032

出　　处：《生命的化学》2025年第2期191-198,共8页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：上海市市级科技重大专项项目(ZD2021CY001);复旦大学本科生学术研究资助计划项目。

摘　　要：细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)作为膜包被的特殊颗粒,广泛存在于多种体液中,具有多重效应功能。呼吸系统发生感染性疾病时,感染部位产生的EVs既包含了宿主细胞的成分,如蛋白质、核酸、脂质等,也包含了病原体的组分,因此在组成和功能上具有明显的异质性。同时,EVs具有较好的结构稳定性、良好的生物相容性以及自然的转运能力,作为呼吸系统感染性疾病的新型免疫辅助治疗载体,也备受关注。本文主要综述了EVs在呼吸系统细菌性感染和病毒性感染中的作用机制,以期为利用EVs诊断、治疗呼吸系统感染性疾病提供思路。Extracellular vesicles(EVs)as membrane-enclosed particles released by cells,ubiquitously exist in various body fluids and exhibit a wide range of biological functions.EVs can carry various biomolecules,including proteins,nucleic acids,lipids,and elements from pathogens,representing the significant heterogenous in composition and function under respiratory infections.Additionally,EVs possess notable structural stability,biocompatibility,and transport capabilities,making them promising candidates as novel immunological adjuvants for the treatment of respiratory infectious diseases.This review focuses on elucidating the functional mechanisms of EVs in both bacterial and viral respiratory infections,aiming to provide insights into the potential application of EVs for the diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of respiratory infectious diseases.

关 键 词：细胞外囊泡 呼吸系统感染 肺炎 结核分枝杆菌 COVID-19 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统]