免疫荧光法和涂片镜检法在阴道分泌物病原体检测中的应用  

Application of Immunofluorescence and Smear Microscopy in Detection of Pathogens in Vaginal Secretion

作　　者：王艺娜 WANG Yina(Department of Clinical Laboratory,The 910th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国解放军联勤保障部队第910医院检验科,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2025年第7期117-120,共4页Guide of China Medicine

摘　　要：目的 以疑似阴道炎患者作为观察对象,就其在阴道分泌物病原体检测过程中采用免疫荧光法与涂片镜检法的应用价值进行分析。方法 本文的观察对象为中国解放军联勤保障部队第910医院收治的300例疑似阴道炎患者,病例选取时间为2024年1月至2024年6月,所有观察对象均需进行阴道分泌物病原体检测,检测方法均采用免疫荧光法与涂片镜检法,另外将实验室检查结果作为疾病诊断的金标准,对比前两种检查方法在阴道炎诊断中的诊断效能,并分析前两种检查方法在不同病原体检测中的诊断准确率。结果 实验室的检查结果显示,300例疑似患者中,有280例确诊为阳性,有20例确诊为阴性。免疫荧光法的检查结果显示,有275例为真阳性,有18例为真阴性。涂片镜检法的检查结果显示,有260例为真阳性,有11例为真阴性。在灵敏度、特异度、诊断准确率的比较上,与涂片镜检法相比,免疫荧光法相对较高(P<0.05)。实验室的检查结果显示,在确诊为阳性的280例患者中,有122例为白色念珠菌感染,有20例为阴道毛滴虫感染,有138例为阴道加德纳菌感染。在白色念珠菌、阴道毛滴虫、阴道加德纳菌诊断准确率的比较上,与涂片镜检法相比,免疫荧光法相对较高(P<0.05)。结论 在实际的阴道分泌物病原体检测过程中,与涂片镜检法相比,免疫荧光法不仅可以有效提高阴道炎的诊断效能,还可以进一步提升不同阴道分泌物病原体的诊断准确率。Objective To analyze and discuss the application value of immunofluorescence and smear microscopy in the detection of pathogens in vaginal secretions in patients with suspected vaginitis.Methods The objects of observation in this paper are 300 patients suspected of vaginitis admitted to the 910th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army,and the time of case selection was from January 2024 to June 2024.All subjects were required to undergo pathogen detection of vaginal secretions,and the detection methods were both immunofluorescence and smear microscopy.In addition,laboratory examination results were taken as the gold standard for disease diagnosis.The diagnostic efficiency of the first two tests in the diagnosis of vaginitis was compared,and the diagnostic accuracy of the first two tests in the detection of different pathogens was analyzed.Results The laboratory test results showed that 280 of the 300 suspected patients were confirmed positive and 20 were confirmed negative.Immunofluorescence test results showed 275 true positive cases and 18 true negative cases.The results of smear microscopy showed that 260 cases were true positive and 11 were true negative.The sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic accuracy of immunofluorescence method were higher than that of smear microscopy(P<0.05).Laboratory results showed that of the 280 confirmed positive patients,122 had Candida albicans infection,20 had trichomonas vaginalis infection and 138 had Gardnerella vaginalis infection.The diagnostic accuracy of Candida albicans,Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardnerella vaginalis was higher than that of smear microscopy(P<0.05).Conclusions In the actual detection process of vaginal secretions pathogens,compared with smear microscopy,immunofluorescence method is relatively valuable,not only can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of vaginitis,but also can further improve the diagnostic accuracy of different vaginal secretions pathogens.

关 键 词：阴道炎 阴道分泌物病原体检测 免疫荧光法 涂片镜检法 诊断效能 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学] R711.31[医药卫生—临床医学]