时间波动环境下公交多线协同跨线调度优化  

Optimization of multiline collaborative cross-line scheduling of buses in a time-varying environment

作　　者：李欣 张赛 袁昀 LI Xin;ZHANG Sai;YUAN Yun(Transportation Engineering College,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学,交通运输工程学院,大连116026

出　　处：《交通运输工程与信息学报》2025年第1期119-134,共16页Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52272317,52402381)。

摘　　要：【背景】公交跨线调度因其车辆运营成本低、利用率高等优势,已在国内外城市中开展实施,但在实际应用中仍面临跨线调度范围有限和行程时间波动等挑战,导致调度存在跨线班次少、准点率低等问题。【目标】针对行程时间波动环境下的公交车辆跨线调度问题,通过调整发车时刻表和融合各子场景下的公交行车计划,扩大公交车可跨线班次空间,达到最终行车计划具有跨线班次多、车辆利用率高、用车成本低和准点率高的效果。【方法】提出公交多线协同跨线调度两阶段鲁棒优化模型,引入时间控制点,建立发车时间偏移、班次衔接的时间以及首末站和空驶距离等约束,构建了异质行程时间场景集,针对模型的规模大、约束复杂等特性,将原模型分解为多个子模型,并构建基于场景融合的分支定价算法进行求解。【数据】基于重庆市五条公交线路真实行车数据,构建不同线路数量的算例验证模型与算法的有效性与高效性,并对时间控制点参数设计敏感性测试。【结果】相比于传统策略,所提出的基于发车时间偏移的多线协同跨线调度策略可降低成本12.92%,提高公交车的车均载客总时间16.62%,缩短待班时间29.55%。敏感性分析表明,合理分配时间控制点的数量和布局可减少公交车的到站时间偏差和用车总成本,提高车辆工作效率和准时性。[Background]Bus cross-line scheduling has been implemented in cities at home and abroad owing to its advantages such as low vehicle operation cost and high utilization rate.However it still faces challenges in practical applications,such as a limited cross-line scheduling range and fluctuations in travel time,leading to issues such as few cross-line shifts and low punctuality.[Objective]Aimed at the bus cross-line scheduling problem in the environment of travel time fluctuations,this study attempts to expand the space of bus cross-line shifts by adjusting the timetable and integrating bus schedules under each sub-scenario,ultimately achieving a schedule with more cross-line shifts,higher bus utilization rate,lower bus cost,and higher punctuality.[Methods]A two-stage robust optimization model for collaborative cross-line scheduling of multiline was proposed.Time control points were introduced,and constraints were established for the departure time offset,shift connection time,distance between the first and last stops,and deadheading.A set of heterogeneous travel time scenarios was constructed.To address the large-scale and complex constraints of the model,the original model was decomposed into multiple sub-models,and a branch-and-price algorithm based on scenario fusion was developed.[Data]Based on the real driving data of five bus lines in Chongqing,cases with different numbers of bus lines were constructed to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the model and algorithm.A sensitivity test was also conducted on the design of the time control point parameter.[Results]Compared with the traditional strategy,the proposed multiline collaborative cross-line scheduling strategy based on the departure time offset can reduce costs by 12.92%,increase the effective operation time of buses by 16.62%,and shorten the stand-by time by 29.55%.Sensitivity analysis showed that a rational distribution of the number and layout of time control points can reduce the arrival time deviation of buses and the total cost of vehicle us

关 键 词：城市交通 公交跨线调度 两阶段情景鲁棒 时间波动 

分 类 号：U492.22[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]