冻融作用下土壤改良剂对东北典型土壤磷素的综合影响  

Comprehensive Effects of Soil Amendments on Phosphorus in Typical Soil in Northeast China under Freeze-thaw Action

作　　者：付强 王子怡 李天霄 侯仁杰 何泽 李旭 FU Qiang;WANG Ziyi;LI Tianxiao;HOU Renjie;HE Ze;LI Xu(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;School of Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150006,China;Heilongjiang Institute of Water Conservancy Research,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]哈尔滨工业大学环境学院,哈尔滨150006 [3]黑龙江省水利科学研究院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2025年第1期434-444,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域联合基金重点项目(U20A20318);国家自然科学基金项目(52179033、52279035);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(51825901);黑龙江省优秀青年科学基金项目(YQ2020E002)。

摘　　要：全球变暖加剧了季节性冻土区冻融格局的变化,磷(Phosphorus,P)是农田生态系统响应气候变暖的主要限制性元素。本研究以室内试验为基础,以黑龙江省3种典型土壤(黑土、黑钙土、白浆土)为研究对象,以腐熟秸秆(F)和生物炭(B)为外源介质,进行为期50次的冻融循环试验,评估冻融循环作用下外源土壤改良剂对黑龙江省3种典型土壤磷素有效性的影响。试验结果表明:在冻融循环过程中,3种类型土壤中外源介质的施加显著改变了土壤的理化性质,并在不同程度上增加了土壤磷素有效性。随着冻融循环次数的增加,土壤速效磷(Olsen-P)含量呈现先增加后减小再增加趋势,在黑土、黑钙土、白浆土中增幅最大的处理分别为F、F+B、F+B;土壤pH值、含水率、冻融循环次数及酸性磷酸酶活性是影响土壤Olsen-P含量的重要因素。根据HEDLEY磷分级结果发现,在冻融循环条件下,黑土、黑钙土、白浆土中F、F+B、F处理活性磷组分平均含量最高;不同活性磷库中,稳定磷组分含量在3种土壤中均显著高于活性磷含量与中等不稳定磷组分含量。研究结果对于农作物秸秆的综合利用具有理论参考价值。Global warming intensifies the change of freeze-thaw pattern in seasonal permafrost areas,and phosphorus(P)is the main limiting element of farmland ecosystem response to climate warming.Based on laboratory experiments,taking three typical soils in Heilongjiang Province:black soil,chernozem and white clay as the research object,and using decomposed straw(F)and biochar(B)as exogenous media,the freeze-thaw cycle test was carried out for a period of 50 times,aiming to evaluate the effects of foreign soil amendments on phosphorus availability of three typical soils in Heilongjiang Province under freeze-thaw cycles.The experimental results showed that the application of foreign media in the three types of soil significantly changed the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increased the availability of soil phosphorus in different degrees during the freeze-thaw cycle.With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles,the Olsen-P content of soil showed a trend of first increasing,then decreasing and then increasing.In black soil,chernozem soil and white clay the treatments with the largest increases were F,F+B and F+B,respectively.Soil pH value,water content,freeze-thaw cycles and acid phosphatase activity were important factors affecting soil Olsen-P content.According to the results of HEDLEY phosphorus classification,the average content of F,F+B and F treated active phosphorus components was the highest in black soil,chernozem and white clay under freeze-thaw cycle.The content of stable P in different active P reservoirs was significantly higher than that of active P and moderately unstable P in the three soils.The research results can provide theoretical reference for the comprehensive utilization of crop straw.

关 键 词：磷素有效性 冻融循环 活性磷组分 秸秆衍生物 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]