集约化层式好氧发酵智能装备设计与试验  

Design and Test on Intelligent Equipment of Intensive Layered Aerobic Composting

作　　者：姚玉梅 张琦峰 曾庆臻 齐自成 徐建南 徐晓青 朱洪安 YAO Yumei;ZHANG Qifeng;ZENG Qingzhen;QI Zicheng;XU Jiannan;XU Xiaoqing;ZHU Hongan(Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Ji'nan 250100,China;State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management,Ji'nan 250100,China;Shandong Shengjiachong Environmental Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业机械科学研究院,济南250100 [2]养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室,济南250100 [3]山东圣甲虫环境工程有限公司,潍坊261100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2025年第1期445-452,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2002105);山东省农业科学研究院创新工程人才类任务项目(CXGC2024F17)。

摘　　要：设计了一款适用于多元有机废弃物快速无害化处理的节能环保型层式好氧发酵智能装备,主要包括发酵仓、布料系统、匀翻系统、增氧曝气系统、出料移位系统和控制系统。发酵仓采用层式箱体结构,有效容积为136.51 m^(3);位于箱体顶端的布料系统采用链式刮板结构;匀翻系统采用偏心翻转下料结构;增氧曝气系统通过变频泵调速进行流量调节和单层独立曝气;出料移位系统采用链式刮板出料,并通过输送带输送至陈化区;控制系统实现多点温度、含水率、压力、气体质量分数等数据监测,可多元反馈实时调控通风供氧。在此基础上,以鸡粪、牛粪沼渣、稻壳为主要原料,进行为期4 d的好氧发酵试验,检测发酵过程中关键参数变化并测定物料基础特性过程指标,完成装备性能试验。试验结果表明:内部堆体温度在28 h时升至50℃,发酵过程中堆体最高温度可达70.36℃,试验结束后发酵产物含水率降低至34.35%,发酵效果良好;与传统技术模式相比,智能化程度高。The technology of intensive aerobic composting is an important approach to more efficiently,green,and environmentally solve the problem of agricultural waste pollution.It has attracted widespread attention from researchers,companies,and governments.An energy-saving and environmentally friendly intelligent equipment of layer aerobic composting was presented,including a fermentation tank,automatic distributing system,uniform flipping system,aeration system,discharge displacement system,and control system.The key system and the whole system of intelligent equipment were optimized.One of the most critical related studies was measuring the reliability of uniform flipping systems.It was the foundation for studying flipped material dropping applications.The fermentation tank was a layered box and the effective volume of the tank greater than was 136.51 m^(3).The automatic distributing system located at the top of the box was selected by the chain scraper structure.The uniform flipping system was an eccentric flipping structure with a daily flipping capacity.Aeration systems can provide accurate aeration and single-layer independent aeration with a frequency control fan.The discharge displacement system selected a chain scraper and belt conveyor to realize material displacement.The control system was developed that achieved multi-point temperature,humidity,pressure,aeration,gas real-time monitoring,and multivariate feedback control.On this foundation,a 4-day composting test was conducted using chicken manure,cattle manure biogas residue,and rice husk as feedstock.The changes in key parameters of the composting process and the relevant indexes of fermentation production were detected.The results of the property test from intelligent equipment showed that the compost pile temperature reached 50℃at 28 h,and the maximum temperature of the compost pile reached 70.36℃.The water content of the fermentation product was decreased to 34.35%.The composting test results were good,which had a high intelligence level.In conclusion

关 键 词：有机废弃物 好氧发酵 层式堆肥反应器 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X705[农业科学—农业基础科学]