卫所“民化”与边区治理:明代鄂西地区社会整合  

“Civilianization”of Military Garrison Units and Border Area Governance:Social Integration in Western Hubei During the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：陈文元 CHEN Wenyuan(School of Ethnology and History,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学民族学与历史学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《民族学论丛》2025年第1期54-62,共9页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“历史上的西南少数民族政权与国家整合研究”(LSYZD21010)。

摘　　要：聚焦卫所“民化”,是考察边疆/边区整合进程的关键视角。明代鄂西地区界邻四川、湖广两省,地方势力复杂,社会结构不一,如何建立统治须有一番考量。在遵循元朝旧制的同时,明朝于鄂西地区设置施州卫监控土司,又适时将其改制为“军民卫所”,增设大田军民千户所,通过军民兼制、汉土结合奠定了鄂西地区国家治理与社会整合模式。控戍边区、移民屯垦、编户土民后增置抚夷同知,卫官积极参与地方建设,施州卫转向“民化”过程中逐步推进整合力度。明末卫所与土司从“对立”走向“融合”,汉、土之间实现“互化”“互融”。卫所“民化”演进,是明朝探索出的整合边疆/边区的一种新的统治模式,在“中央—边地”权力协商过程中,借助卫所“军民兼制”逐步过渡,最终实现“边区”向“内地”的整合。Focusing on the“civilianization”of military garrison units provides a critical perspective for examining the process of border area integration.Western Hubei during the Ming Dynasty bordered Sichuan and Huguang provinces,featuring complex trib-al forces and diverse social structures,requiring careful consideration for establishing effective governance.While adhering to the Yu-an Dynasty’s existing system,the Ming government established the Shizhou Garrison to oversee local chieftains and later transformed it into a“military-civilian garrison”.Additional administrative units,such as the Datian Military-Civilian Thousand-Household Of-fice,combined military and civilian governance and integrated Han and local systems,thereby laying a foundation for state gover-nance and social integration in western Hubei.Measures such as border area control,land reclamation through resettlement,house-hold registration for local residents,and the appointment of Fuyitongzhi officials were implemented.Garrison officials actively partici-pated in local development,and the process of Shizhou Garrison’s“civilianization”steadily advanced integration efforts.By the late Ming Dynasty,the garrisons and local chieftains transitioned from opposition to integration,achieving mutual adaptation and assimi-lation between Han and local ethnic groups.The evolution of“civilianized”garrisons represents a new governance model developed by the Ming government for integrating frontier regions.Through power negotiations between the central authority and borderlands,the gradual transition enabled the integration of border areas into the interior.

关 键 词：卫所 民化 鄂西 社会整合 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]