口头传统与中华文化认同:基于苗族贾理的田野考察  

Oral Tradition and Chinese Cultural Identity:A Field Study Based on the Miao Jia Li

作　　者：龚露[1] GONG Lu(School of Educational Science,Kaili University,Kaili,Guizhou 556011)

机构地区：[1]凯里学院教育科学学院,贵州凯里556011

出　　处：《民族学论丛》2025年第1期128-134,共7页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“苗族贾理传承的教育人类学研究”(20XMZ094);凯里学院2023年度博士专项课题“苗族口头传统的文化认同教育研究”(BS20230105)。

摘　　要：口头传统是人类文化的有机组成部分,与书面传统共同构成文化传承的关键路径,历史上中原与西南长期交往交流交融孕育出丰富的共有文化符号。基于西南少数民族典型口头传统苗族贾理的田野考察发现,集体记忆层面与其他民族拥有共同起源地及崇拜的先祖,时间节律上“二十八宿”与十二生肖历法融合创生出苗甲子“嘎进”,是传统生肖文化在西南民族地区活态传承典型。同时,贾理于教育维度融通转化儒家思想,可视为儒家文化在民族地区的本土化。口头传统增强中华文化认同的机理在于以共享集体记忆为逻辑起点,大小传统“双向奔赴”为历史基础,使口头传统对中华文化进行当代传承形成现实诉求。Oral tradition is an integral part of human culture and,together with written tradition,constitutes a crucial pathway for cultural inheritance.Historically,long-term interaction and integration between the Central Plains and Southwest China have fos-tered a wealth of shared cultural symbols.A field study of the Miao Jia Li,a representative oral tradition of the ethnic minorities in Southwest China,reveals that in terms of collective memory,the Miao people share a common origin and revered ancestors with oth-er ethnic groups.In terms of temporal rhythms,the integration of the“Twenty-Eight Lunar Mansions”and the twelve-animal zodiac calendar gave rise to the Miao“Gajin”cycle,a vivid example of the dynamic inheritance of traditional zodiac culture in Southwest China.Moreover,the Jia Li incorporates and transforms Confucian thought in its educational dimension,representing the localiza-tion of Confucian culture in ethnic regions.The mechanism by which oral traditions enhance Chinese cultural identity lies in the logi-cal starting point of shared collective memory.The mutual convergence of grand and localized traditions serves as a historical founda-tion,forming a practical demand for the contemporary transmission of oral traditions within Chinese culture.

关 键 词：口头传统 中华文化认同 苗族贾理 

分 类 号：C950[社会学—民族学]