新型惯性技术溯源体系建立一点思考  

Some Reflections on Establishing a New Traceability System for Inertial Technology

作　　者：叶文 刘艳红 韩雨桐 YE Wen;LIU Yanhong;HAN Yutong(National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China;Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029 [2]北京市计量检测科学研究院,北京100029 [3]北京航空航天大学,北京100083

出　　处：《计量科学与技术》2025年第1期41-46,共6页Metrology Science and Technology

基　　金：北京市博士后工作经费资助项目(2023ZZ-100);北京市朝阳区博士后工作经费资助项目(2023ZZ-021);国家自然科学基金项目(62301055);北京市市场监督管理局科技计划项目(SJKJXM-2023-009)。

摘　　要：随着人工智能的发展,智能无人系统在各个领域得到了广泛应用。其中,精确的运动感知是智能无人系统安全行驶的重要前提。惯性技术是智能无人系统在复杂环境条件下自主实现运动感知的唯一有效手段。惯性传感器的测量原理正在发生深刻改变,其在智能无人系统中的广泛应用不断促进惯性计量技术的发展。为确保运动感知的量值准确、可靠,亟需建立惯性溯源体系支撑惯性计量技术的发展。综述了传统的惯性技术溯源链条、惯性技术溯源所需计量设备,通过地球表面参数量子化将两个最基本的惯性参数,如加速度参数、角速度参数溯源至基本物理常数。分别阐述了原子干涉仪在重力加速度与自转角速度方面的精密测量和应用,以及国内外研究现状,包括原子干涉陀螺和原子重力仪的最新研制进展。最后,对惯性计量体系建立进行了简单的总结和讨论。未来的工作重点是研究新的计量方法,以指导新型惯性计量设备的研制,同时提高惯性校准系统的智能化、自动化和批量化技术水平。With the advancement of artificial intelligence,intelligent unmanned systems have been widely adopted across various fields.Accurate motion perception is a critical prerequisite for the safe operation of these systems.Inertial technology serves as the only effective means for intelligent unmanned systems to autonomously achieve motion perception in complex environmental conditions.The measurement principles of inertial sensors are undergoing significant transformations,and their widespread application in intelligent unmanned systems continues to drive the development of inertial measurement technology.To ensure the accuracy and reliability of motion perception,it is imperative to establish a traceability system that supports the advancement of inertial measurement technology.This paper reviews the traditional traceability chain of inertial technology and the metrological equipment required for inertial technology traceability.By quantizing Earth's surface parameters,the two most fundamental inertial parameters-acceleration and angular velocityare traced back to basic physical constants.The paper elaborates on the precise measurement and application of atomic interferometers in gravitational acceleration and angular velocity,as well as the current research status both domestically and internationally,including the latest developments in atomic interferometer gyroscopes and atomic gravimeters.Finally,a brief summary and discussion are provided on the establishment of the inertial measurement system.Future work will focus on researching new measurement methods to guide the development of innovative inertial measurement equipment,while enhancing the intelligence,automation,and scalability of inertial calibration systems.

关 键 词：计量学 惯性技术 溯源 量子化 基本物理常数 原子干涉 

分 类 号：TB931[一般工业技术—计量学]