大口径空间相机结构优化设计  

Optimized design of large aperture space camera structure

作　　者：邵明东[1] 郭疆[1] 崔永鹏[1] 杨利伟[1] 周龙加 王浩[1] Shao Mingdong;Guo Jiang;Cui Yongpeng;Yang Liwei;Zhou Longjia;Wang Hao(Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《光电工程》2025年第2期59-67,共9页Opto-Electronic Engineering

摘　　要：针对大口径空间相机成像质量受重力影响的问题,提出了通过调整结构变形量来减小光学系统在轨失调量的结构优化设计方法。首先,在分析某空间相机光学系统特点的基础上,确定了相机主框架和反射镜柔性支撑的结构形式。其次,以减小次镜、三镜、双反镜、调焦镜与主镜在重力作用下的相对刚体位移、相对倾角及面形误差为优化目标,以光学系统对各反射镜的稳定性公差要求为约束条件,得到了主框架桁架杆、承力筒和反射镜柔性支撑结构的最优尺寸。最后,对相机的模态、各反射镜面形进行有限元分析,并对相机进行了正弦扫频试验和系统波像差测试,结果表明相机的一阶频率为36.7 Hz,在装调和翻转180°两种状态下,相机各视场平均波像差分别为0.0655λ和0.0701λ(λ=632.8nm),可以推测,相机入轨重力影响消失后,系统波像差能够满足光学设计要求。该相机支撑结构的优化设计方法可以作为空间相机结构设计的参考。A kind of method of structural optimization design using structural deformation to compensate for optical misalignment is presented,which aims at decreasing the affection of imaging by gravity.First,on the basis of the characteristics of the optical system of a space camera,the structural forms of the main frame of the camera and the flexible support structure of the mirrors are determined.Secondly,taking the relative stiffness shift,relative inclination and face shape error of the secondary mirror,tertiary mirror,folding mirror,focusing mirror and main mirror under gravity as the optimization objectives,and the stability tolerance requirement of the optical system for each mirror as the constraints,the optimal parameters of the truss of main frame,the bearing cylinder thickness and the flexible support structure are obtained.Finally,the finite element analysis is carried out on the mode and Surface deformation of the camera,and sinusoidal sweep test and system wave aberration test are carried out on the camera.The results show that the first-order frequency of the camera is 36.7 Hz,and the average wave aberration of each field of the camera is 0.0655λand 0.0701λ(λ=632.8 nm)under the two states of loading and flipping 180 degrees,respectively.It can be inferred that the wave aberration of the system can meet the optical design requirements after the gravity effect of the camera is disappeared.The optimized design of the camera support structure can be used as a reference for the structural design of space cameras.

关 键 词：空间相机 结构变形量 在轨失调量 结构优化 装调与测试 

分 类 号：V445.8[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]