碱性水热法高效降解全氟/多氟烷基化合物  

Hydrothermal alkaline treatment for efficient degradation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances

作　　者：张强 彭宇华 张静 马军 ZHANG Qiang;PENG Yuhua;ZHANG Jing;MA Jun(Beijing ENFI Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100038,China;College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China)

机构地区：[1]北京恩菲环保股份有限公司,北京100038 [2]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [3]哈尔滨工业大学环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《工业水处理》2025年第3期1-9,共9页Industrial Water Treatment

基　　金：国家优秀青年科学基金项目(22422602)。

摘　　要：全氟/多氟烷基化合物(Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFAS)是一种持久性有机污染物,化学性质稳定,难以降解。目前水和土壤等环境介质中均能检出PFAS,且PFAS能由食物链累积至人体,毒害生殖和免疫等系统,因此如何高效降解PFAS受到广泛关注。碱性水热法(Hydrothermal alkaline treatment,HALT)利用亚临界水(170~350℃,2~22 MPa)在强碱性条件下产生·OH,再利用·OH攻击PFAS中的羧基或磺酸基,实现PFAS的脱羧基或磺酸基、水解脱氟,是一种高效、低能耗和低成本的PFAS处理工艺。总结了HALT对PFAS的降解、脱氟效果,以及反应条件(如碱浓度、反应温度、催化剂和环境基质等)对HALT降解PFAS的影响;阐述了HALT工艺降解PFAS的脱羧-羟基化-消除-水解路径;综述了HALT工艺处理水性成膜泡沫废水、修复受PFAS污染的土壤和水体、再生吸附PFAS饱和的活性炭和处理蓄积PFAS的宽叶香蒲等实际工程的效果;展望了HALT工艺的未来研究方向,为推动HALT处理PFAS的发展提供一定的理论指导和技术参考。Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are persistent organic pollutants that are chemically stable and difficult to degrade.These compounds can be detected in environmental media,such as water and soil,and have the potential to accumulate in the human body through the food chain,posing risks to reproductive and immune systems.Consequently,efficient PFAS degradation has gained widespread attention.Hydrothermal alkaline treatment(HALT)utilizes subcritical water(170-350℃,2-22 MPa)under strongly alkaline conditions to generate hydroxyl radicals(·OH).These radicals attack the carboxyl or sulfonic groups in PFAS to facilitate decarboxylation or desulfonation,hydrolytic defluorination,and rapid complete degradation.HALT represents an efficient,low-energy,and cost-effective technique for PFAS treatment.This paper summarized effects of HALT on PFAS degradation and defluorination,explored the influence of reaction conditions(such as alkali concentration,temperature,catalysts,and environmental matrices),and elucidated the decarboxylation-hydroxylation-elimination-hydrolysis pathway.Additionally,the practical engineering outcomes of HALT in treating aqueous film-forming foam wastewater,remediating PFAS-contaminated soil and water bodies,regenerating PFAS-saturated activated carbon,and processing Typha latifolia with accumulated PFAS were reviewed.Lastly,the paper anticipated future research directions for HALT,aiming to provide theoretical guidance and technical references to advance the development of HALT dealing with PFAS.

关 键 词：全氟/多氟烷基化合物 碱性水热法 脱氟 降解路径 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]