“科学中心转移”规律:质疑与反思  

Questioning and Reflection on the Law of the“Shifting of the Scientific Center”

作　　者：孙烈[1] 文恒 樊小龙[1] SUN Lie;WEN Heng;FAN Xiaolong

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2024年第4期16-26,185,共12页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：中国科学院中外科技创新史比较研究专项“中外科技创新中心的历史研究”(E3291J05)。

摘　　要：本文通过比较贝尔纳、汤浅光朝、本戴维对科学“中心”的阐释,梳理了“科学中心转移”的相关概念及其学术史,尝试为理解科学中心转移现象提供新视角。基于对“汤浅学说”学术背景、影响和局限性的分析,指出其隐藏前提以及研究方法存在统计方法粗糙、对科学成果的异质性处理不当等问题。当前科学发展呈现多中心和国际合作增强的态势,科学中心的转移不再是一个简单的零和现象;与其执迷于转移规律的佯谬,不如将重点放在发展本国科学及推动全球科学的开放共赢。This paper systematically examines the conceptual framework and academic history of the“shift of the scientific center”by comparing interpretations of the scientific“center”by J.D.Bernal,Mitsutomo Yuasa,and Joseph Ben-David.An analysis of the academic background,influence,and limitations of the“Yuasa Theory”reveals its hidden premises and highlights its methodological shortcomings,such as crudity in statistical methods and inadequate consideration of heterogeneity among scientific achievements.The ongoing trend toward multi-centered scientific development and enhanced international cooperation has transformed the shift of the scientific center beyond a simple zero-sum phenomenon,and so rather than fixating on the“law of shifting”paradox,the focus should be placed on development of science domestically and promotion of openness globally.Through critical analysis,this paper offers new perspectives and insights into understanding the dynamics of the shift of the scientific center.

关 键 词：科学中心转移 汤浅光朝 本戴维 多中心 

分 类 号：G644.0[文化科学—高等教育学]