世界学术中心及其转移:一个理论命题的起源与当代发展  

Global Academic Centers and Their Transfers:The Origin and Contemporary Development of a Theoretical Proposition

作　　者：沈文钦[1] SHEN Wenqin

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育经济研究所/教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2024年第4期27-46,185,186,共22页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：2018年北京市社会科学基金项目“博士生的国际流动经历及其收益研究”(18JYC024)。

摘　　要：世界学术中心的转移及其机制问题长期以来备受学界关注,其作为一个理论命题的起源与发展尚无系统研究。本文通过梳理各阶段的关键文献,尝试重构学术中心转移命题的历史脉络。研究表明,学术中心转移命题萌芽于20世纪初欧美各国的科学比较与竞争,表现为“科学领导权”之争,到20世纪60年代逐渐成型,并开始采用“科学中心”的表述。科学中心或学术中心话语建立在比较意识之上,自19世纪开始汇编的科学家辞典、科学百科全书等资料集以及历史计量学的发明,为这种比较提供了技术手段。随着中国、日本等东亚国家的崛起,学术中心转移命题重新引起学界的兴趣。在学术中心的相关讨论中,存在多中心论与单一中心论的理论分歧,从科学史的发展和当代世界格局来看,多中心论更加符合实际。The formation and transfer of global academic centers have long attracted scholarly attention.However,there has been little research on the origins and development of this concept as a theoretical proposition.This paper seeks to reconstruct the historical context of academic center formation and transfer by analyzing key documents from various stages.The study reveals that the idea of academic centers emerged in the early 20th century alongside scientific competition among European and American nations,manifesting as a struggle for“scientific leadership.”It gradually took shape in the 1960s,when the term“scientific center”became more commonly used.The discourse on scientific or academic centers is rooted in comparative consciousness,facilitated by the compilation of data collections—such as scientists dictionaries and scientific encyclopedias—since the 19th century,along with the invention of historiometry as a methodological tool for comparison.With the rise of East Asian countries,including China and Japan,the transfer of academic centers has once again drawn interest in academic circles.In contemporary discussions,theoretical perspectives on academic centers diverge between the multi-center and single-center theories.From the standpoint of the history of science and current global dynamics,the multi-center theory appears to better reflect reality.

关 键 词：学术中心 中心转移 中心—边缘 学术史 理论命题 科学领导权 

分 类 号：G644.0[文化科学—高等教育学]