清代下河滨海县域的水环境变化与圩堤建设  

The Changes in Water Environment and the Construction of Weirs in the Coastal Counties of the Xiahe Area During the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：徐应桃 Xu Yingtao(College of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200030

出　　处：《历史地理研究》2024年第4期13-30,147,共19页The Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“7—20世纪长江三角洲海岸带环境变迁史料的搜集、整理与研究”(20&ZD231)。

摘　　要：清初,官方对黄淮水患的治理思路基本沿袭明代治水理念,侧重于“束”而不在“疏”。康熙年间,“开浚海口”一策经皇权介入才开始实施,实质是通过浚深各导流支脉和增开下河滨海县域归海口门达到“分流入海”的目的。随着黄淮湖运水情变化,浚深河道已难实现腹部低洼区向滨海堆积区的导引,常漫溢成灾。遂于乾隆年间在归海河道两侧抬圩,以便束水归海。田圩亦在此时兴起,并与河圩连筑,构成了下河滨海县域的圩田体系。受西水东注和海洋影响,下河滨海县域内水环境和圩堤建设呈现出复杂变化的特征。In the early Qing Dynasty,the official strategy for managing the Yellow and Huai River floods largely adhered to the Ming Dynasty's water management philosophy,prioritizing‘restraint’over‘dredging’.During Emperor Kangxi's reign,the policy of‘opening the sea outlets’was effectively implemented with imperial intervention,fundamentally aimed at achieving‘diversion to the sea’by deepening the drainage channels and expanding the sea outlets along the coastal counties of the Xiahe Area.As the water conditions of the Yellow River,Huai River,the Grand Canal,and Hongze Lake evolved,the deepening of river channels alone could no longer effectively direct waters from the central lowlands to the coastal accumulation zones,resulting in frequent overflows and disasters.Therefore,during Emperor Qianlong's reign,embankments were constructed along the sides of the returningtosea rivers to confine the waters.Concurrently,the construction of polder fields began,linking with river embankments to establish a polder system in the coastal counties of the Xiahe Area.Influenced by the eastward flow of water and the impact of the ocean,the water environment and the construction of embankments in these coastal counties exhibited characteristics of complex and dynamic changes.

关 键 词：清代 下河 滨海 水环境 圩堤 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]