中稻非充分灌溉条件下土壤水分运移规律分析  

Soil water dynamics in mid-season rice fields under deficit irrigation

作　　者：刘方平 郝恩义 徐涛 LIU Fangping;HAO Enyi;XU Tao(Jiangxi Center Station of Irrigation Experiment,Nanchang 330201,China;East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省灌溉试验中心站,南昌330201 [2]东华理工大学,南昌330013

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第3期12-21,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：江西省“科技+水利”联合计划项目(2022KSG01002)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明非充分灌溉条件下稻田土壤水分运移规律,从而为季节性干旱期水资源优化配置和高效利用提供科学依据,实现节水稳产高产目的。【方法】试验在鄱阳湖流域中稻容易产生季节性干旱的各生育时期(即拔节孕穗前期、拔节孕穗中期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期)设置非充分灌溉处理(即刚进入各生育时期田面无水层开始,至稻田土壤含水率下降至饱和含水率的50%时结束),测定15、25、35、45、60、110、160、210cm土层土壤含水率,计算期间各土层耗水量及耗水强度,分析中稻不同生育时期水分胁迫条件下土壤水分运移规律、耗水规律。【结果】①中稻非充分灌溉处理对15~60cm土层土壤水分影响较大,较充分灌溉受影响土层深度增加,但对110~210cm土层土壤水分无明显影响;各生育时期各土层土壤含水率降幅总体呈先增大后减小的趋势,但拔节孕穗前期、拔节孕穗中期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期土壤含水率最大降幅分别在25、25、35、45cm土层,对应土壤含水率分别为30%、25%、35%、35%。②水分胁迫条件下,中稻拔节孕穗前期和中期各土层耗水量随土层深度的增加而减少,抽穗开花期和乳熟期除15 cm土层外,其余各土层耗水量随土层深度增加而增加;各生育时期耗水量表现为拔节孕穗前期>拔节孕穗中期>乳熟期>抽穗开花期,较充分灌溉分别减少40.0%、25.7%、14.5%、56.6%,耗水强度表现为拔节孕穗中期>乳熟期>拔节孕穗前期>抽穗开花期,较充分灌溉分别减少15.2%、37.5%、39.5%、56.0%。③水分胁迫条件下,中稻不同生育时期12:00—18:00各土层土壤水分变化量最大,其次为06:00—12:00,各土层土壤水分表现为亏水状态,但15、60cm土层在00:00—06:00、18:00—24:00存在补水现象,抽穗开花期补水量最大。【结论】中稻在鄱阳湖流域季节性干旱期间,应适当控制灌水量,使水分达到有效耗水土层即可,减�【Objective】Soil water movement plays a crucial role in root water uptake and redistribution across the soil profile.Understanding its response to biotic andabiotic factors is essential for improving soil water use efficiency.This study investigates soil water dynamics in mid-season rice fields under deficit irrigation.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a rice field in the Poyang Lake Basin,where deficit irrigation was applied during four critical growth stages:early and middle jointing-booting,heading-flowering,and milking stages.A fully irrigated field served as the control.Soil moisture content was measured at depths from 15 cm to 210 cm.Water consumption,water consumption intensity,soil water movement,and moisture variations were analyzed under different irrigation treatments.【Result】①Deficit irrigation significantly affected soil moisture in the 15-60 cm layer but had minimal impact below110 cm.Across all growth stages,soil moisture initially declined and then stabilized.The largest moisture reductions occurred at 25 cm(early and middle jointing-booting),35 cm(heading-flowering),and 45 cm(milking),with corresponding moisture contents of 30%,25%,35%,and 35%,respectively.②During early and middle jointing-booting,water consumption decreased with depth,whereas at the heading-flowering and milking stages,it increased below 15 cm.Compared to full irrigation,deficit irrigationreduced total water consumption by 40.0%(early jointing-booting),25.7%(middle jointing-booting),56.6%(heading-flowering),and 14.5%(milking).Water consumption intensity followed the order:middle jointing-booting>milking>early jointing-booting>heading-flowering,with reductions of 15.2%,37.5%,39.5%,and 56.0%,respectively.③The greatest fluctuations in soil moisture occurred between 12:00-18:00,followed by 06:00-12:00,indicating significant water deficits during these periods.Some replenishment occurred in the 15and 60 cm layers between 00:00-06:00 and 18:00-24:00,especially during the heading-flowering stage.【Conclusion】D

关 键 词：非充分灌溉 水分胁迫 土壤水分 运移规律 耗水规律 中稻 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]