灌溉定额对不同品种海岛棉光合特性影响及抗旱性评价  

Optimizing irrigation for photosynthesis and drought resistance of extra-long staple cotton varieties

作　　者：宁丽云 张巨松[1,2] 王丽 吴一帆 胡浩然 张承洁 NING Liyun;ZHANG Jusong;WANG Li;WU Yifan;HU Haoran;ZHANG Chengjie(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Cotton Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第3期22-31,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析南疆地区部分主栽海岛棉品种全生育期抗旱性。【方法】以新78、棉城10号、新海62号和鲁泰700Q为试验材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,研究全生育期不同灌溉定额3150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1,常规灌水量的70%)、3825 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2,常规灌水量的85%)、4500 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3,常规灌水量)对不同海岛棉品种光合特性及产量影响,并对抗旱系数(DC)进行主成分分析,得出各指标的因子载荷和贡献率,基于综合抗旱性度量值(D)对各海岛棉品种的抗旱水平进行评价及等级划分。【结果】灌溉定额和品种对海岛棉的光合、荧光参数及产量均有显著影响。SPAD值随海岛棉灌溉定额的减少呈增加趋势,净光合速率(Pn)及叶绿素荧光参数(F_(v)、F_(v)/F_(m)、F_(v)/F_(o)、PIABS、PI_(total))均随灌溉定额的减少而下降;各品种之间表现为W3处理棉城10号海岛棉产量最高,为6806.36kg/hm^(2);W1处理鲁泰700Q海岛棉产量最低为4340.21kg/hm^(2)。【结论】在4500m^(3)/hm^(2)灌溉定额下,水分对各品种光合特性影响较小且能够获得较高产量,新78为抗旱性品种,棉城10号、新海62号为耐旱性品种,鲁泰700Q为敏旱性品种。【Objective】Cotton is a vital cash crop in Xinjiang,but its production depends heavily on irrigation due to water scarcity in the region.This study experimentally evaluated the drought resistance of major extra-long staple(ELS)cotton(Gossypium barbadense)varieties throughout their entire growth period.【Method】The field experiment used a two-factor split-zone design to assess the effects of three irrigation levels:W1(3150 m^(3)/hm^(2),70% of conventional irrigation),W2(3825 m^(3)/hm^(2),85% of conventional irrigation),and W3(4500 m^(3)/hm^(2),conventional irrigation).Photosynthesis and yield responses were analyzed across different cotton varieties.The drought resistance coefficient for each variety was determined using principal component analysis,evaluating the contribution of various factors to the drought index.The comprehensive drought resistance evaluation value(D)was used to classify and assess the drought tolerance of different varieties.【Result】Both irrigation level and cotton variety significantly influenced photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence traits,and yield.As irrigation decreased,the SPAD value increased,whereas the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(F_(v),F_(v)/F_(m),F_(v)/F_(o),PIABS,and PItotal)declined.Among all varieties,Miancheng No.10 achieved the highest yield(6806.36 kg/hm^(2))under W3,while Lutai 700Q produced the lowest yield(4340.21 kg/hm^(2))under W1.【Conclusion】When irrigation was set at 4500 m^(3)/hm^(2),water availability had minimal impact on photosynthesis,and overall yield remained high.Among the tested varieties,Xin 78 exhibited the highest drought tolerance,while Miancheng No.10 and Xinhai No.62 were moderately drought-resistant.In contrast,Lutai 700Q was highly sensitive to drought.These findings provide insights for optimizing irrigation strategies and selecting drought-resistant ELS cotton varieties for arid regions.

关 键 词：海岛棉 灌溉定额 品种 光合特性 抗旱评价 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]