矩形渠道便携式三角形中央量水槽水力性能研究  

H ydraulic performance of a portable triangular-central flume for rectangular channel s

作　　者：郭星辰 原常聪 王富有 马合木江·艾合买提[1,2] 金鹏 李军波 陶洪飞 GUO Xingchen;YUAN Changcong;WANG Fuyou;MAHEMUJIANG·Aihemaiti;JIN Peng;LI Junbo;TAO Hongfei(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China;Changji Water Conservancy Management Station(Santunhe River Basin Management Office),Changji 831100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]昌吉市水利管理站(三屯河流域管理处),新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第3期32-43,共12页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02003);新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室研究项目(ZDSYS-YJS-2022-22);新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府公派出国留学成组配套项目;新疆水利科技项目(XSKJ-2022-16)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究便携式三角形中央量水槽在末级矩形渠道中量水的适用性。【方法】开展6组流量(0.031~0.093 m^(3)/s)、4组量水槽顶角角度(45°~90°)、3组量水槽收缩比(0.375~0.625)的物理试验,通过理论计算和分析得到不同工况下的水面线、佛汝德数、壅水高度、水头损失等水力性能相关参数,分别采用水力学法和量纲分析方法推导流量计算公式。【结果】水深的沿程变化可分为4个区域:上游壅水区、剧烈变化区、跃后过渡区、下游稳定区,上游傅汝德数介于0.21~0.39,壅水高度介于4.28~18.53 cm,水头损失比介于7.13%~32.82%;基于水力学法和量纲分析方法推导的流量计算公式相对误差分别介于-5.98%~5.02%、-3.23%~2.03%。确定距离量水槽喉口上游0.5m处为三角形便携式中央量水槽上游水深测流断面;基于量纲分析方法建立的便携式三角形量水槽流量计算公式更具优势,其测流精度相对于其他形式量水槽较高。【结论】便携式三角形中央量水槽收缩比取0.5~0.625时水力性能较优;从多个水力性能参数方面综合考虑,顶角角度取60°时水力性能较优。便携式三角形中央量水槽在保证简单结构的同时兼顾了较好的水力性能。【Objective】Accurate measurement of channel flow is essential for effective irrigation district management.This study evaluates the hydraulic performance of a portable triangular-central flume for measuring water flow in rectangular channels.【Method】Physical tests were conducted under six different flow rates(0.031-0.093 m^(3)/s),four top angles(45°-90°),and three shrinkage ratios(0.375-0.625).Hydraulic performance parameters,including water surface profile,Froude number,backwater height,and head loss under varying operating conditions,were obtained through theoretical calculations and analysis.Flow equations were derived using both hydraulic and dimensional analyses.【Result】The water surface profile variation can be divided into four distinct regions:the upstream backwater zone,the rapid transition zone,the post-jump transition zone,and the downstream stable zone.The upstream Froude number ranged from 0.21 to 0.39,while backwater height varied between 4.28 cm and 18.53 cm.Head loss ranged from 7.13% to 32.82%.The relative error of the flow equations derived from hydraulic and dimensional analyses was between-5.98% and 5.02% and between-3.23% and 2.03%,respectively.The optimal location for measuring water depth in the flume was determined to be 0.5 m upstream of the flume throat.【Conclusion】The flow equation derived from dimensional analysis provides more accurate measurements compared to conventional flumes.The flume exhibits optimal hydraulic performance when the shrinkage ratio is between 0.5 and 0.625.Among the tested top angles,a 60°configuration yielded the best hydraulic performance.The portable triangular-central flume offers a simple yet effective method for measuring flow while maintaining strong hydraulic efficiency.These findings serve as a valuable reference for designing flow measurement flumes in irrigation canal systems.

关 键 词：矩形渠道 三角形中央量水槽 量纲分析 水力性能 流量计算公式 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]